Government Regulations

ARI-Armaturen USA, a pioneer in industrial fluid control solutions, proudly highlights its ENCOsys® steam-to-water heat exchanger system, designed for efficient and instantaneous hot water generation without the need for storage. Engineered for reliability and energy savings, ENCOsys® provides superior thermal efficiency, making it an ideal solution for industries requiring precise temperature control and optimized energy use. Overall operational costs ENCOsys® is a compact and highly efficient system that ensures minimal heat loss while delivering consistent performance under varying load conditions. By heating secondary water and sub-cooling condensate within the same plate heat exchanger, ENCOsys® achieves substantial energy savings and improved process control. The system operates with a lower water temperature set point, enhancing energy efficiency and reducing overall operational costs. ENCOsys® two primary configurations ENCOsys® is available in numerous configurations to meet specific system requirements Built for versatility, ENCOsys® is available in numerous configurations to meet specific system requirements. With an extensive selection of plate and frame heat exchangers, customizable control panels, and multiple condensate return options—including CONLIFT® Condensate Pumps, CONA® P Pump Traps, and CONA® Steam Traps—the system is designed for seamless integration into industrial heating processes. For maximum control and adaptability, ENCOsys® offers two primary configurations: ENCOsys® S, which features steam-side control, and ENCOsys® C, which provides condensate-side control. Both options ensure precise heat management and continuous operation, eliminating the need for bulky storage tanks and reducing the risk of Legionella contamination. HVAC rely on ENCOsys® Industries such as power generation, chemical processing, food production, and HVAC rely on ENCOsys® for its reliable and energy-efficient performance. With its advanced design and adaptability, the system supports critical applications where consistent thermal energy management is essential. Beyond superior product design, ARI-USA provides extensive technical support, from system selection to installation and maintenance. With a vast inventory and expert engineering services, ARI ensures quick turnaround times and seamless implementation, minimizing downtime for critical industrial processes.

Ideal Heating Commercial POD Heat Interface Units (HIUs) and Evomax 2 condensing boilers have been installed into Ash View Extra Care in Huddersfield as part of a heat network designed to heat the 50 one and two-bedroom flats and communal areas, along with hot water, at this new development for Kirklees Council.  Ash View Extra Care is a specialist housing development, designed to maintain the independence of older people who have care and/or support needs. Hard-wired Mbus heat meters Ideal Heating Commercial has supplied four Evomax 2 100kW wall-mounted boilers in cascade as the energy center at Ash View Extra Care, and 50 POD HIUs with first fix kits and factory-fitted hard-wired Mbus heat meters. Evomax 2 is the UK’s number 1 selling wall-hung commercial boiler. Highly efficient, it has up to 99.6% full load efficiency and up to 110% part load efficiency, can operate at up to 30° Δ T, and boasts a high turndown of 5:1. Energy-efficient solution The four Evomax 2 boilers at Ash View Extra Care are running in cascade on a standard height frame The four Evomax 2 boilers at Ash View Extra Care are running in cascade on a standard height frame and header kit delivering 400 kW of output for an energy efficient solution, as the cascade can turn down to accurately match any load from 400-20 kW (20:1).  This method also increases the proportion of time where the boilers are modulating at part load, instead of cycling on and off, to satisfy the changing demands of the network over a day. Heat network for both heating and hot water The PODs installed in each of the self-contained flats at Ash View Extra Care are indirect i305 HIUs, meaning they contain two highly efficient stainless steel brazed plate heat exchangers to provide complete separation between the heat network for both heating and hot water.  For the users at Ash View Extra Care, the POD HIU is reassuring in its familiarity, looking just like a domestic combi boiler from the outside and with similar controls, but instead of burning gas it uses heat exchangers to transfer thermal energy from the distribution network. Its small footprint and compact overall envelope mean it can readily fit in a kitchen or airing cupboard or existing utility area. Key benefit of employing a heat network V&T Ltd. was contracted to install the heating system at Ash View Extra Care via Equans As well as being energy efficient, a key benefit of employing a heat network at a facility such as Ash View Extra Care is safety as there are no flue routes or gas connections to accommodate within the premises. V&T (Plumbing & Heating Services) Ltd. was contracted to install the heating system at Ash View Extra Care via Equans, the principal contractor. commercial range offered by Ideal Heating V&T install hundreds of Ideal Heating domestic boilers each year and had no hesitation in choosing Ideal’s commercial products for this project, based on past performance and back up support received: “Our past experience of working with Ideal boilers had an impact on selection, especially with the aftercare service provided,” comments Tom Crawford, Design Engineer at V&T. “When we were looking at which HIUs/boilers to propose for the scheme, we looked at the commercial range offered by Ideal and decided to go with both the POD and Evomax 2 as they both met our criteria. It also made sense to stick with one manufacturer.” Installing the POD HIUs POD HIUs have been specifically designed for hassle-free installation, with a first fix kit available Tom has been pleased with the outcome: “Our engineers on site had no issues installing the POD HIUs and found them very similar to the Ideal domestic combi boilers.” POD HIUs have been specifically designed for hassle-free installation, with a first fix kit available which can be delivered and installed ahead of the POD unit so all services can be piped up, filled, flushed, and tested in advance. Ideal Heating Commercial’s free commissioning service “The engineers also found installing the Evomax 2s, mounting frames and header arrangement easily; these were fitted in a matter of hours.” V&T benefited from Ideal Heating Commercial’s free commissioning service on the Evomax 2, which automatically applies a five-year warranty on the appliance at no extra cost.

“Operating in an industry that has a significant impact on counteracting climate change, as well as on the delivery of hygienic drinking water, GF Building Flow Solutions strives continuously to pioneer in sustainable water solutions for buildings." "The manufacturing of our products and solutions is based on sound environmental management practices, embracing renewable energy sources across our global operations to reduce their environmental footprint. We are committed to taking an active approach in limiting our operational impacts and assuring efficient use of resources,” said Thomas Fuhr, Chief Technology Officer at GF Building Flow Solutions. Key actions for emission reductions Waste management and circular economy policies have cut production and facility waste by 36% Fuhr added: “With the site in Cerkezkoy, the Ecoflex production site in Hassfurt, and the Apple Valley manufacturing facility, we have reached yet another milestone in GF’s journey towards carbon neutral operations.” GF Building Flow Solutions’ manufacturing in Cerkezkoy (Turkey), a.k.a Georg Fischer Hakan Plastik, is specialized in high-quality wastewater solutions. Key actions for emission reductions at the plant focus on energy management and efficiency, including the use of renewable energy, reducing the site’s emissions by about 95% compared to the baseline 2019. Waste management and circular economy approaches have cut production and facility waste by 36%. Key energy-efficiency improvement The Ecoflex production in Hassfurt (Germany) began its transitioning toward carbon-neutral manufacturing over a decade ago by switching entirely to 100%-certified green electricity. Key energy-efficiency improvement measures in the production and in the buildings included upgrading the heating system and modifications such as installing a solar energy plant. As a result, the site’s emissions have been reduced by about 91% as compared to the baseline. Use of 100% green electricity As a result, tCO2e emissions have been reduced by 93%, significantly cutting greenhouse gas emissions The Apple Valley manufacturing facility at GF’s North American headquarters has implemented significant measures to achieve carbon-neutral status. These include the use of 100% green electricity, converting three natural gas boilers to electric, and converting to 100% LED lighting.  Additionally, nearly 100 windows were replaced to increase efficiency and the RTU (remote terminal unit) was replaced with electric heat instead of natural gas. As a result, tCO2e emissions have been reduced by 93%, significantly cutting greenhouse gas emissions.  GF Building Flow Solutions’ Carbon Neutral Factory concept To achieve full carbon neutral status, according to GF Building Flow Solutions’ Carbon Neutral Factory concept, the rest of the emissions at all three sites will be offset through a combination of tree-based carbon removal verified and retired using the Verra registry and biochar-based carbon removal using the Puro.earth or Carbon Standards International registry.  “Together with our teams and all GF Building Flow Solutions colleagues who have been involved in these processes, I am proud of our track record of cutting emissions at additional sites,” said Thomas Fuhr. “These accomplishments showcase our continued commitment to being an industry pioneer in sustainability.”

“If you don’t like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes.” To this day, Mark Twain’s quote is used to describe quickly changing weather conditions in regions throughout the United States, United Kingdom, and elsewhere. However, in contrast to the weather, the climate change being experienced globally is creating nontraditional conditions that are much more permanent. Consequently, HVACR systems are being subjected to a new set of conditions that, if not addressed properly, may significantly impact performance, efficiency, and lifespan.  Report from Climate Central 75% of the Earth’s land has become permanently drier over the last three decades Consider a few examples. According to a recent report from Climate Central, as a result of climate change, Michigan has nine fewer subfreezing days in winter. The European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service reported that the average temperature in the summer of 2024 in Europe was 1.54 C above the average between 1991 and 2020.  According to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 75% of the Earth’s land has become permanently drier over the last three decades, caused in part by declining humidity in some regions. Climate change impacts such as these have made it increasingly important for HVACR contractors to understand the ways new weather-related factors can challenge equipment performance and durability—and to help customers optimize the resiliency of their systems. Three main challenges To follow are insights and tips that can help contractors successfully “weather” three main challenges driven by climate change: extreme heat, high or low humidity, and extreme weather events.  As this information demonstrates, no matter how hot, dry, wet, or stormy your region has become, being proactive in system checks and maintenance can help customers’ systems run effectively, minimize repair costs, and ensure equipment operates through its expected lifecycle.  Climate-change impact one: extreme heat In extreme heat, parts such as compressors and condensers undergo more than the standard wear From potential leaks to higher energy bills, the need for air conditioners to run longer and harder to achieve desired cooling temperatures as temperatures rise can be literally and figuratively costly to your customer, a building’s occupants, and the environment. In extreme heat, components such as compressors and condensers undergo more than the standard wear and tear. If not properly maintained to meet rigorous demands, equipment may not be able to cool a space adequately. This means it will potentially consume more energy and increase energy bills. Equipment could also overheat, break down, require costly repairs, and reach end of life more quickly. In addition, higher temperatures, longer run times, and increased condensing pressure may lead to more leaks. Take these steps to help HVACR system owners overcome the challenges of extreme heat: Check air filters frequently and replace them as needed. Dust and debris can accumulate quickly in hot, dry weather. Perform comprehensive regular maintenance. This should include cleaning condenser coils and maintaining proper refrigerant levels. Optimize settings. Raising the thermostat slightly when daily temperatures peak can help reduce energy consumption and wear and tear on components. Work with facility managers to ensure proper building insulation. This can reduce heat gain and lessen the burden on air conditioning systems. Create shade for outdoor units and keep them clear of debris. Protection from direct sunlight can help maintain cooler operating temperatures. Climate-change impact two: humidity Indoor comfort and HVACR system performance depend on keeping the right humidity balance Indoor comfort and HVACR system performance depend on maintaining the right humidity balance. When humidity is too low, air is dry and static, leading to discomfort for occupants and potential issues with air quality and system operation. However, if humidity is too high, systems will have to work harder to remove moisture from the air while simultaneously providing the desired level of cooling. Take these steps in high-humidity situations: Keep tabs on moisture buildup and perform regular cleaning of components such as ducts, filters, and evaporator coils. Identifying and removing moisture accumulation can prevent damage from mold or corrosion. Ensure proper insulation of ductwork to help mitigate moisture buildup. Enhance dehumidification systems and make sure they are properly sized to handle specific humidity levels. Check air filters, blowers, condensate drains, and ductwork to ensure proper airflow. In low-humidity situations: Install humidifiers. Consider humidifiers that can be integrated with the heating/cooling system to achieve a consistent level of approximately 30% to 50% relative humidity. Perform regular humidifier maintenance, including cleaning and replacing filters, checking for mineral deposits, and ensuring all lines are clear. Ensure proper insulation of ductwork and seal any leaks. Perform regular maintenance checks of HVACR systems as noted above Climate-change impact three: extreme weather events It’s not unusual for extreme weather events—including intense thunderstorms, snowstorms, and windstorms—to cause power outages and surges, flooding, or high winds, all of which can physically damage HVACR equipment. To avoid system problems or, possibly, total system failure it’s important to assess damage as quickly and thoroughly as possible then implement the necessary repairs or replacements. Be sure in these situations to always prioritize technician safety and, where applicable, to obtain clearance from emergency responders.  Take these steps to support system resilience during extreme weather events: Conduct routine maintenance as noted in factors one and two above. Work with facility managers to ensure buildings have proper insulation and weatherproofing. Have emergency backup power sources in place. Ensuring continual operation during power outages is especially important for mission-critical systems. Best practices for routine equipment checkups One final point to consider on this topic is that employing the practices above can help reduce further contributions to the global warming that drives climate change. One example is taking steps to prevent refrigerant leaks. Another is energy conservation that can be achieved by systems that run at optimized efficiency. Even efforts to prolong the lifespan of systems can help decrease the waste of resources and other materials.  While “waiting a few minutes” may prevent someone from unnecessarily canceling a ballgame or picnic on account of rain, the HVACR industry needs to address the challenges of climate change “without delay” and for the foreseeable future. Continuing best practices for routine equipment checkups and maintenance, increasing system checks in climates that have become hotter, drier, wetter, or stormier than usual; and employing some new techniques can all work together to ensure resilient systems, satisfied customers, and a healthier planet.

It’s often said the only constant in life is change. In the HVACR industry, that phrase has been especially true. We saw another year of transitions in 2024 that included evolving efficiency and refrigerant regulations, changing corporate net zero targets, the continued emergence of advanced heat pumps, and the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in building management.  Smart and sustainable Throughout these transformations, the industry continues to overcome challenges and innovate as we transform the places where people live, work, and play into smarter, healthier, and more sustainable spaces.    As we look toward 2025, we can expect to see a continued, industrywide focus on decarbonization, heat pump development, A2L refrigerants, and AI as regulations expand and new technologies emerge.    Decarbonization  Decarbonization continues to be a very high priority for both the residential and commercial sectors Decarbonization continues to be a very high priority for both the residential and commercial sectors. This focus has transformed the way we design and install HVAC equipment and has created tremendous opportunities for those who invest in educating themselves on the evolving technologies, regulations, and incentives. Today’s building professionals and homeowners have an unprecedented number of incentives available at the federal, state, and utility levels encouraging decarbonization transitions.  Digital and net zero services For example, tax credits such as 25C for consumers and 179D for commercial building owners were expanded under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and can significantly reduce the upfront costs of high-efficiency equipment, creating a compelling offer to replace less efficient systems. In commercial buildings, combining high-efficiency HVAC equipment like electric heat pumps with digital technologies and net zero services can help empower organizations to optimize their buildings and subsystems for both the short- and long-term. Heat pumps  Heat pump technology has advanced significantly in recent years, providing an electrified, high-efficiency HVAC option for nearly all applications – even those operating within colder climates. The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Residential Cold Climate Heat Pump (CCHP) Technology Challenge has propelled the successful introduction of heat pump prototypes that can withstand subfreezing weather. Similarly, the DOE’s Commercial Building Rooftop Heat Pump Accelerator program has helped drive packaged heat pump performance toward greater efficiency for commercial and light commercial buildings located in colder climate zones.  Water-to-water heat pumps Water-to-water heat pumps can replace legacy chiller and boiler combinations without the need for major changes Innovations in commercial water-to-water compound centrifugal heat pumps are also accelerating decarbonization within building retrofits. For facilities that require simultaneous heating and cooling, such as hospitals and universities, water-to-water heat pumps can replace legacy chiller and boiler combinations without the need for major changes to the existing HVAC infrastructure. This partial decarbonization approach can help building operators achieve their decarbonization goals while also lowering operational expenses (OpEx). In many instances, this reduction in OpEx also provides a path to funding additional decarbonization strategies.      A2L refrigerants   The EPA continues to make strides in reducing the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act. As part of the AIM Act, the Technology Transitions Program will usher in sector-based regulations beginning January 1, 2025, prohibiting the manufacturing of equipment using refrigerants with a GWP higher than 700.  New protocols As a result, new equipment will continue to hit the market throughout 2025. In tandem, many contractors and technicians will begin working with A2L refrigerants for the first time. Because these refrigerants are classified by ASHRAE as mildly flammable, new protocols for safe refrigerant servicing, storage, and transportation, and refrigerant leak detection (RDS) requirements will be necessary for some applications.   ACCA A2L refrigerant training Contractors should complete ACCA A2L refrigerant training and EPA section 608 certification With these changes, it is important to become familiar with updated codes, including UL 60335-2-40, 3rd and 4th editions, ASHRAE 15 and 15.,2, and the AHRI Safe Refrigerant Transition Task Force (SRTTF), as well as local and state regulations. Contractors should also complete ACCA A2L refrigerant training and EPA section 608 certification. Additionally, new digital tools such as RDS calculators can help contractors navigate A2L leak detection requirements and mitigation strategies while in the field.    AI and controls   AI is positioned to continue to make a huge impact in HVAC. We’re seeing more service techs using generative AI and co-pilots for troubleshooting rather than paging through manuals. At the same time, AI technology can predict if connected HVAC units may have issues, making it possible for service techs to address potential issues in their earliest stages or prevent them from happening altogether. Both of these use cases can help technicians service equipment more quickly, efficiently, and accurately, which can increase equipment longevity and reliability while reducing downtime and total cost of ownership.   Building performance AI-powered building controls can provide a holistic view into contextualized, full-building performance More HVAC systems are being equipped with AI-enhanced controls and reporting. The capabilities these tools provide can give building owners greater opportunities to optimize building performance, improve occupant comfort and well-being, and more easily reach sustainability targets. From a building management perspective, AI-powered building controls can provide a holistic view into contextualized, full-building performance, occupant experience, and sustainability. Openness and flexibility As AI becomes more commonplace, AI-centric building standards, such as ASHRAE Guideline 36, will also continue to emerge that balance sustainability with occupant comfort, health, and safety.    As we move into 2025, we can expect to see another year of equipment innovations, technology advancements, and evolving regulations. As an industry, we continue to face change with openness and flexibility. And it’s this mindset that empowers us to meet, and exceed, expectations – now and in the year to come.

As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, the HVAC/R industry is turning to sustainable refrigerants to minimize environmental impact. A3 refrigerants—flammable gases with low global warming potential (GWP)—are emerging as a preferred choice. However, their adoption introduces additional regulatory requirements. EPA regulations To address these challenges, the industry is leveraging innovative solutions like enhanced small-diameter copper tubes, which enable compliance with EPA guidelines while maintaining performance and safety standards. In this article, we’ll explore key EPA regulations for A3 refrigerants and how small-diameter copper tubes play a vital role in optimizing system performance, ensuring safety, and achieving regulatory compliance.  Understanding A3 Refrigerants A3 refrigerants help HVAC/R systems align with current and upcoming environmental regulations A3 refrigerants are characterized by their low GWP and flammability, making them a sustainable alternative to traditional high-GWP refrigerants. Common examples include propane (R-290) and isobutane (R-600a). By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, A3 refrigerants help HVAC/R systems align with current and upcoming environmental regulations. Their benefits go beyond regulatory compliance. energy efficiency A3 refrigerants improve energy efficiency, enabling systems to operate more effectively while consuming less energy. This dual advantage of sustainability and operational efficiency reduces both carbon footprints and operating costs. As global regulations continue to phase out high-GWP refrigerants, A3 options stand out as a viable solution that balances environmental responsibility with system performance. Their efficiency and compliance capabilities position A3 refrigerants as a key player in the future of HVAC/R system design.  Advantages of Small-Diameter Copper Tubes 1. Meeting EPA Charge Limits  Small-diameter copper tubes offer a significant advantage in adhering to EPA refrigerant charge limits. With their reduced internal volume, these tubes require less refrigerant to maintain optimal performance. This feature is particularly beneficial when working with A3 refrigerants, as the EPA enforces strict charge limits to mitigate flammability risks while upholding efficiency.  2. Boosting System Efficiency with Enhanced Heat Transfer  When enhanced with internal grooves, small-diameter copper tubes maximize surface area contact with refrigerants Copper’s exceptional thermal conductivity, even with smaller tube diameters, ensures effective heat transfer. When enhanced with internal grooves, small-diameter copper tubes maximize surface area contact with refrigerants, further increasing heat transfer efficiency. This improvement translates to lower energy consumption and reduced operating costs, all while delivering reliable cooling performance.  3. Durability, Safety, and Ease of Installation  Using small-diameter copper tubes reduces the refrigerant charge required within a system, enhancing safety. Copper’s lightweight and flexible properties, especially when annealed, simplify installation, particularly in compact systems with complex configurations. Its natural corrosion resistance also ensures durability and long-term reliability, minimizing maintenance needs over the equipment’s lifespan.  Innovating for a Sustainable Future  As the HVAC/R industry transitions to A3 refrigerants, adapting to stricter EPA regulations requires innovative system designs that address safety, efficiency, and performance challenges. Small-diameter copper tubes provide a practical solution by reducing refrigerant charges, enhancing heat transfer, and delivering reliable, durable performance.  reducing environmental impact These copper innovations are especially valuable for compact, high-performance systems that demand precision and compliance with environmental standards. By embracing these advancements, the HVAC/R industry can ensure systems are future-ready, capable of meeting evolving regulations while maintaining efficiency and safety. Small-diameter copper tubes are paving the way for a more sustainable HVAC/R landscape, helping businesses succeed in reducing their environmental impact while achieving regulatory compliance. 

The HVAC Industry gathered in Orlando for AHR Expo 2025, focusing on the latest advancements in technology. Attendees included contractors, manufacturers, engineers, system design professionals, facility managers, architects, wholesalers, and distributors. This year’s expo highlighted game-changing innovations, regulatory shifts, and emerging trends designed to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and connectivity. For HVAC professionals, these developments translate into practical solutions that improve system performance, optimize energy use, and simplify compliance with evolving industry standards. The Next Phase of Refrigerant Transition The transition to A2L refrigerants is a dominant theme at this year’s expo, with major players such as Arkema, Chemours, LG Electronics, Rheem, Daikin, and others showcasing the latest refrigerants and equipment solutions. Following the deadline of Jan. 1, 2025, the shift from R-410A to R-32 and R-454B is well underway, with 80% of manufacturers opting for R-454B. While concerns about flammability persist, experts emphasize that proper training and system design can mitigate risks. LG Electronics' full product line Some OEMs opted for R-454B as an option that is closer to a “drop-in” solution Some OEMs opted for R-454B as an option that is closer to a “drop-in” solution. Daikin was among the manufacturers to go all-in on R-32, which required a complete redesign of product components, ultimately pioneering to more efficient, cost-effective systems, according to the company. LG Electronics' full product line now uses R-32 refrigerant, and they started shipping products in December. All R-410A equipment will be gone by the end of Q1. variety of products on R-454B refrigerant Rheem announced their 100-year anniversary, and a new tagline, "Engineered for Life." They say the trend is toward side-discharge heat pumps, although the industry needs a mix of both. They had a variety of products on display that use R-454B refrigerant.  Attendees at AHR Expo 2025 came away with an understanding that refrigerant regulations and selecting compatible equipment will be crucial for ensuring smooth transitions in commercial and residential applications. Intelligent Building Automation and Controls Smart HVAC technology is revolutionizing building control, with AI-driven automation Smart HVAC technology is revolutionizing building management, with AI-driven automation, IoT connectivity, and remote monitoring taking center stage. Companies like Distech Controls and Schneider Electric are introducing IP-based controllers that integrate seamlessly with existing building management systems. Belimo’s intelligent butterfly valve and Delta’s Node-RED Programming with built-in Python support, among other products, are making automation more powerful and user-friendly. Copeland’s Sensi Touch 2 smart thermostat Copeland’s Sensi Touch 2 smart thermostat and Sensi equipment interface module (EIM) can eliminate the need to pull additional wires during installation. The system is weatherproof, indoor, or outdoor, and communicates using radio frequency (RF). AHR Expo 2025 made a strong case that investing in smart controls will improve operational efficiency, reduce downtime, and enable predictive maintenance. Hydronic Systems for Data Center Cooling One major player is Bell & Gossett/Xylem, whose hydronic cooling systems target data center market The rise of data center cooling solutions was another recurring theme at AHR. One prominent player is Bell & Gossett/Xylem, whose hydronic cooling systems target the data center market. The company’s e-1531X and e-1532X smart pumps offer enhanced energy efficiency and a larger "efficiency island." These systems are designed to meet the growing demand for sustainable data center cooling, providing a net-zero roadmap. As data center energy consumption rises, hydronic solutions offer a scalable, efficient approach to thermal management. Heat Pumps Expand Capabilities and Market Reach Heat pumps continue to dominate as a top energy-efficient alternative for commercial and residential applications. Companies such as Danfoss, Mitsubishi, and Samsung are pushing the boundaries with heat pumps that operate in extreme temperatures. Danfoss is progressing forward related to four application areas at AHR 2025--heat pumps, data centers, RTU/DOAS, and retail/refrigeration. Emphasis is on lower emissions and better energy efficiency. Midea drew a lot of attention at AHR 2025, including modular air handler Midea drew a lot of attention at AHR 2025, including their modular air handler – the  EVOX G³ – that breaks down into three pieces for easy movement and installation in any of six configurations. They are also opening showrooms throughout the country so consumers and contractors can see and touch the products. Integration with renewable energy sources Johnson Controls-Hitachi mini-splits have a self-cleaning feature called FrostWash Johnson Controls-Hitachi Air Conditioning’s Hitachi mini-splits have a self-cleaning feature called "FrostWash;" they intentionally build a frost layer on the coil so the fine particulates can be captured and then melted away, thus avoiding mold and other contaminants. It can be used in lieu of UV light, which damages plastics. The heat pump market is growing rapidly, and advancements in low-temperature performance and integration with renewable energy sources will drive adoption. The Drive Toward Sustainability Sustainability is a recurring theme at the expo, with manufacturers prioritizing energy-efficient equipment, smart automation, and low-GWP refrigerants. Companies like Lennox, and Rheem are launching highly efficient packaged rooftop units and unitary heat pump systems. Grundfos’s distributed pumping technology and Ziehl-Abegg’s ZAcore intelligent control platform further demonstrate the industry's push toward lower energy consumption and minimal environmental impact. Investing in sustainable HVAC technologies Availability is paramount, and they are opening a new factory in Mexico Lennox is serving the "emergency replacement" market for HVAC equipment with their Xion line. Availability is paramount, and they are opening a new factory in Mexico. Telling the "story" of humidification at AHR 2025, Condair has products for any vertical. They say more education and awareness are needed on the value of humidification. As regulations tighten and demand for green building solutions rises, investing in sustainable HVAC technologies will be critical for long-term success. Smarter, Cleaner, and More Efficient AHR Expo 2025 underscores the industry's shift toward smarter, cleaner, and more efficient HVAC solutions. Whether it’s refrigerant transitions, intelligent automation, or advanced heat pump technology, staying ahead of these trends will help HVAC professionals deliver superior performance while meeting regulatory requirements. The innovations showcased in Orlando set the stage for a future where HVAC systems are not only more efficient and environmentally friendly but also easier to manage and integrate into modern buildings.

The British Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) is an essential initiative for building owners, security professionals, and HVAC experts aiming to reduce carbon emissions and energy costs. Designed to replace aging fossil fuel boilers with low-carbon alternatives, this United Kingdom government-backed scheme provides financial incentives that make upgrading more accessible. With rising energy prices and stricter environmental regulations, the program could benefit property investors and tenants while fostering collaboration across the HVAC industry.  What is the British Boiler Upgrade Scheme?   The British Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) is a government program focused on reducing the UK’s carbon footprint. It encourages homeowners and building owners in England and Wales to upgrade their outdated fossil fuel-based heating systems. The scheme offers grants of up to £7,500 (around $9,600) for air or ground-source heat pump installations and £5,000 (about $6,400) for biomass boilers.  Environmentally friendly alternatives The program's target is to facilitate 600,000 heat pump installations per year by 2028 These grants help offset the costs of upgrading to more environmentally friendly alternatives, making it more appealing for building owners to switch. The program's target is to facilitate 600,000 heat pump installations per year by 2028, but uptake has been slower than anticipated due to several challenges, including limited public awareness and a shortage of trained installers.  Air-source heat pump grants The government’s latest figures show a growing demand, with applications reaching 55,095 by the end of September 2024. Most grants (97%) are for air-source heat pumps. In September, 1,882 grants were paid out, bringing the scheme’s overall total to 34,438 grants.  "An uplift in applications for September, following a record year for heat pump installations so far, reaffirms that more homeowners than ever are recognizing the substantial benefits of upgrading to greener heating systems,” comments Gav Murray, Hive Heating Director at Centrica New Business and Net Zero.   Additional funding “The government's announcement of additional funding for the upgrade scheme will help to alleviate concerns that support for households was set to be reduced,” Murray adds. “Industry leaders must now work together to capitalize on this and ensure the workforce has the skills to convince would-be adopters and deliver on rolling out the technology to more homes across the country.”  How the Scheme Promotes Greater Use of HVAC Technology   The inclusion of hybrid heat pumps in the scheme allows for a smoother transition The Boiler Upgrade Scheme serves as a driving force behind the increased adoption of advanced HVAC technologies like heat pumps. By providing financial incentives, it encourages building owners to transition to sustainable systems that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Not only do these technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but they also align with the UK’s broader initiative to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Importantly, the inclusion of hybrid heat pumps in the scheme allows for a smoother transition. These systems combine traditional boilers with heat pumps, offering the quickest route to decarbonization for existing properties without demanding excessive financial outlay.  Benefits for Tenants and Investors   The Boiler Upgrade Scheme offers numerous benefits for both tenants and investors. For tenants, upgrading to heat pumps or biomass boilers means lower energy bills due to increased efficiency. This reduction in utility costs is particularly attractive in a time of rising energy prices. Additionally, the environmental benefits of these upgrades—namely, reduced carbon emissions—are a strong selling point for environmentally conscious tenants.  Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings For investors and building owners, there are financial gains as well. The installation of modern HVAC systems can increase property values by enhancing energy efficiency and lowering operational costs. Buildings with better Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings are more attractive to investors, offering lower long-term running costs and potentially higher rental income. Moreover, the ability to command higher property values and comply with future environmental regulations adds to the scheme's appeal.  Encouraging Collaboration Across the Industry   The Boiler Upgrade Scheme promotes collaboration among various stakeholders in the building and HVAC The Boiler Upgrade Scheme goes beyond offering financial incentives, it promotes collaboration among various stakeholders in the building and HVAC industries. Building owners, managers, architects, and HVAC professionals must work together to ensure that new systems are installed correctly and that properties are optimized for energy efficiency.  BMS and smart technology The scheme also creates an opportunity to integrate energy-efficient upgrades with building management systems (BMS) and smart technology solutions. These integrated systems can enhance overall building performance, reduce energy consumption, and improve tenant comfort and security. Hybrid heat pumps, now included in the scheme, further encourage industry collaboration. Their adoption requires a coordinated effort from engineers, architects, and HVAC specialists to ensure that both the traditional and renewable components of the heating system work seamlessly together.

Johnson Controls’ Advanced Development Engineering Center (JADEC) in New Freedom, PA., about 25 miles from Philadelphia, highlights and demonstrates the company’s capabilities related to development, testing and manufacturing.  The 357,000-square-foot facility is an advanced engineering and testing facility for water-cooled chillers, air-cooled chillers, air handlers, compressors, and heat pumps. Much of the development in the facility centers on advancements in a critical vertical market for the HVAC industry – data centers. Big challenge  Data centers are a big challenge – and a huge opportunity – for the HVAC industry. “You cannot ignore the tremendous growth opportunity in this vertical,” says Todd Grabowski, president, Global Data Center Solutions for Johnson Controls. Unlike other verticals that are more dominant in certain geographic regions, data centers are growing everywhere globally – and at a breathtaking pace. “As a growth company, it is critical that we have solutions to handle the growth and serve the customers in the data center market,” says Grabowski. Performance of various components Testing options at JADEC include testing the performance of various components Testing options at JADEC include the ability to test the performance of various components in a controlled environment that approximates how they will operate in the customer’s real-world setting. There are more than 20 testing labs available at the JADEC campus, covering some 250,000 square feet.  “We want everyone to understand the unique position Johnson Controls is in to use our technology and our manufacturing scale to accomplish desired outcomes,” said Grabowski. Non-compressor solution  JADEC displays the full breadth of what they offer, including a non-compressor solution using direct evaporative cooling and an air-cooled unit that uses a screw compressor or a magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressor. Also included are various water-cooled chillers.   Johnson Controls owns, develops, tests, and manufactures all the compressors on display. Customers are assured of getting a fully engineered and supported solution from Johnson Controls (e.g., no third-party compressors). Johnson Controls owns, develops, tests, and manufactures all the compressors on display. Colocated data centers  Grabowski emphasizes that each customer installation has site-specific needs that require unique solutions that Johnson Controls seeks to fulfill. The company works closely with data centers, including those operated by “hyperscalers” such as Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, and Meta, and colocated data centers that rent space and capacity to customers based on their growth and needs. Colocated data centers come in a variety of sizes and types; some of them are operated by companies such as Equinix and NTT. Data center solutions Sustainable methods include the use of refrigerants with ultra-low GWP The sustainability of data center solutions is a bigger issue than ever, given the sheer volume of data centers being built to handle the world’s growing computational needs. Sustainable approaches include the use of refrigerants with ultra-low GWP, and water-free systems that do not require higher costs or create higher demands on a locality’s water infrastructure. Magnetic bearing centrifugal compressors are more energy-efficient because no friction is lost in the compression; also, the equipment is quieter. Impact on global electricity demand “Sustainability has always been an important aspect, and now it is critical in 2024 and beyond,” says Grabowski. Because data centers are huge consumers of energy, they can put more strain on the electricity grid and have a big impact on global electricity demand. Lowering energy usage helps to address the challenge.  “We want to contribute to energy efficiency, be good stewards of water, and reduce noise,” says Grabowski. Increasing the challenges are the proliferation of new artificial intelligence (AI) chips, more common in newer data centers, which need more power and create more heat than older chips.   Advantages of water cooling  The liquid contained in a cold plate on top of the chip is denser than air and accept more transferred heat Closed-loop liquid systems are used to cool individual chips, an application that does not cause a strain on local water supplies. The liquid contained in a cold plate on top of the chip is denser than air and can accept more transferred heat.  However, chillers and cooling towers lose water through evaporation and can strain local water supplies. Johnson Controls is researching and testing systems that provide the advantage of water cooling without losing excess water to evaporation. Air-cooled systems  In contrast, air-cooled systems can cool chips to a point, but may not provide enough cooling for high-density chips. Johnson Controls provides air-cooled machines up to 600 tons and water-cooled systems up to 4,000-plus tons.  “As chip technology evolves, the way you cool, secure and automate the entire data center changes as well,” says Grabowski. “Companies such as Johnson Controls must keep up with evolving trends and provide unique solutions.” As chips become denser from a heat-generation perspective, systems must be optimized from a footprint and energy standpoint.  JCI provides air-cooled machines up to 600 tons and water-cooled systems up to 4,000-plus tons. Technological solutions “As chip density increases, we will have technological solutions ready for the next generation of chips when they come out,” adds Grabowski.  Johnson Controls is also involved in developing new approaches to managing the heat from data centers, such as the possibility of recapturing the heat and circulating it into a district-heating system for a nearby community, university, or hospital. A more widely deployed approach in Europe, the concept of district heating is gaining acceptance in the U.S. market. {##Poll1725623180 - What is the biggest challenge the data center market presents to the HVAC community?##}

The Olsen Group, based in Boca Raton, Florida, is a national pioneer in HVAC energy optimization. Donald Olsen and his seasoned team of HVAC control specialists have been in business for two decades, integrating energy-saving solutions into over a thousand commercial and large-scale residential projects. In the process, the Olsen Group has become one of North America’s top suppliers of Verdant thermostats. Verdant devices leverage intelligent occupancy sensors and proprietary software to reduce HVAC runtimes by 45 percent on average. HVAC control integration Verdant’s effectiveness, reliability, and broad compatibility have made Verdant the energy management solution of choice for thousands of hotels and MDUs, including multifamily buildings, senior living, and student housing.  The Olsen Group has forged a productive two-way partnership with Verdant. Donald Olsen and his team have made it a priority to share data, customer feedback, and requirements with Verdant – and Verdant, in turn, has come to rely on Olsen when they need to field test a new solution. In May of 2024, Verdant reached out to Olsen for help with a new pilot program aiming to facilitate more effective HVAC control integration, easier service, and deep energy savings for MDU projects around the globe. The Challenge Commercial VRF systems have an extremely attractive set of upsides for hotel operators Inverter (VRF) system design is becoming increasingly common in hospitality settings. Commercial VRF systems have an extremely attractive set of upsides for hotel operators. They are significantly more energy efficient and quieter than traditional VTACs or PTACs; they can provide simultaneous heating and cooling to different zones for optimal guest comfort; and they allow both individual room-level setpoint control and building-level centralized management. However, the majority of VRF units cannot connect directly to a third-party smart thermostat. Because they rely on proprietary manufacturer protocols for variable speed commands and internal diagnostics, VRF units require an external control solution to facilitate bidirectional communication with Verdant thermostats. Installation and commissioning process Every additional component in a system adds complexity and opportunity for human error. In hotels, that complexity is multiplied across hundreds of rooms. “HVAC systems are installed dark for new builds, with no power running to the site,” says Donald Olsen, President and Owner of the Olsen Group. “There’s no way to test as we go. If there are any mistakes during installation, we find out about it when the lights go on after project completion.” And mistakes are nearly inevitable. Some third-party controllers have prominent dipswitches that can be easily snagged or tripped during transportation or installation, altering their configuration and causing them to fail once the system is powered. These switches are often accidentally tripped multiple times throughout the installation and commissioning process, pioneering to a never-ending cycle of errors and service calls. VRF control solutions  Adding to the issue, not all third-party control keys have the ability to retrieve and solve system error codes “Once properly configured and installed, VRF control solutions tend to be incredibly reliable,” says Olsen. “Getting them there is a real challenge, however. Accidents, human error, and repeated recalibrations can drive serious project overruns and client dissatisfaction.” Adding to the problem, not all third-party control solutions have the capability to retrieve and translate system error codes. “If the central management system isn’t getting certified manufacturer control signals from the control device, it may no longer recognize the thermostat. The system will continue to function, but it will always show up in the central manager with an error message,” warns Olsen. Airzone Aidoo Pro control solution These false error reports degrade the overall utility of the central management system, robbing operators of the ability to detect and mitigate problems proactively and requiring onsite testing to diagnose any issues. As VRF systems become the norm for hospitality projects, Verdant needed a solution to reduce the possibility of accidental misconfiguration and improve visibility into system functionality. They called on Olsen to conduct a pilot program, retrofitting sixteen VRF units in the Jacksonville Beach, FL Springhill Suites with the Airzone Aidoo Pro control solution. The Solution For the pilot, the Olsen Group outfitted each VRV unit in the loop with an Aidoo Pro controller The Jacksonville Beach Springhill Suites is a 156-room hotel with a state-of-the-art Daikin VRV rooftop chiller system. The Airzone Aidoo Pro ships preconfigured for the specific HVAC unit model, reducing the possibility for errors during initial installation. For the pilot, the Olsen Group outfitted each VRV unit in the loop with an Aidoo Pro controller. This 1:1 system design simplifies operations and troubleshooting: Any issue can be immediately traced back to a single unit, minimizing the scope and duration or repair downtime. “The Airzone Aidoo Pro offered two key upgrades as a VRV control solution,” says Olsen. “First, the dipswitches are recessed, making them much harder to trip accidentally. Second, Aidoo makes the system much easier to service. We can read error codes, run tests, and diagnose issues remotely, without ever needing to disrupt a guest’s stay.” Airzone’s expansive library This advanced remote management is enabled by Airzone’s expansive library of manufacturer protocols. “Because of our close relationship with HVAC manufacturers, Aidoo Pro can provide the proprietary control signals the central management system is expecting to see,” says Borja Fernandez, Director of OEM Solutions, Airzone. “That preserves all the features of the HVAC unit and thermostat, while also eliminating persistent false error codes. With Aidoo Pro, the central management system can function as a single-pane-of-glass HVAC monitoring and control solution for the building, as intended.” Results and Next Steps The pilot program is expanding to new builds around the globe, including projects in the UK Olsen reports that Springhill Suites is happy with their upgraded VRV system. “They have more visibility into the system and fewer services calls,” says Olsen. “When there is an issue, we can diagnose it remotely for faster resolution and less guest room downtime. It’s a much better customer experience overall.” Verdant is encouraged as well. This pilot program is expanding to several new builds around the globe, including projects in Central America, the Caribbean, the UK, and the EU. HVAC energy savings “There is a massive untapped market for energy-efficient HVAC upgrades in the Caribbean region,” says Olsen. “Energy costs there can exceed a dollar per kilowatt hour. Cost-effective devices like Verdant thermostats and the Airzone Aidoo Pro pay for themselves very easily in that scenario.” Verdant and the Olsen Group have built global brands by helping commercial properties realize significant HVAC energy savings. Through the Airzone Aidoo Pro pilot program, they are continuing to innovate, enabling reliable integration and enterprise-grade control on highly efficient VRF units. “The demand for commercial VRF control is definitely there,” says Olsen. “With Verdant and Airzone, we can deliver it with ease.”

Nearly Bergamo, Italy, there is a weather station that collects meteorological data and monitors air quality. Its operation requires professional equipment that, however, works without a permanent power supply or the presence of staff. Such conditions put the equipment and other assets at risk. In fact, the station had already suffered from several intrusion attempts and needed a security system to be put in place. Challenge Protect a remote object without a permanent power supply Like many remote objects, the weather station does not have a permanent power supply and cannot afford a full-time presence of staff members on the site. After several intrusion attempts, the client needed to secure an area of 600 square meters, prevent equipment theft, and put an end to the damage made to the agricultural produce growing on the site. They looked for a professional security system that could operate outdoors without mains power and was easy to manage remotely.  Solution Wireless outdoor security system with flexible power options and remote control The implemented security system consists of 11 Ajax devices, coupled with a third-party solar panel, battery, and case In response to the challenge, Von Wunster Next s.r.l. configured a solution for securing the object that has no permanent power source or staff on-site but has extensive sun exposure. The implemented security system consists of 11 Ajax devices, coupled with a third-party solar panel, battery, and case. At the core of the system, there is a Hub 2 (2G) Jeweller control panel with a low-voltage PSU 6V. The latter allows the hub to operate from an external 7 A h battery for years. The battery, in turn, is charged via the 25 W solar panel (10 A). If the external power supply fails, the hub switches to a built-in battery and continues to protect the object for up to 16 hours or even 60 hours if the Battery Power Saver feature is enabled. The client and central monitoring station of the security company instantly receive a notification about the power issue to be fixed. The company has enough time to get to the remote object for restoring power without compromising its security. A SIM card (2G) ensures connection with the network, so Von Wunster Next s.r.l. won’t miss a thing. StreetSiren DoubleDeck Other elements of the security system are wireless outdoor Ajax devices that operate with pre-installed batteries for up to 3 years. Several MotionCam Outdoor Jeweller cover the perimeter and detect movement within seconds. The device’s photo-by-alarm feature allows minimizing expensive patrol dispatches to false alarms and gives the client peace of mind. StreetSiren DoubleDeck activates the sound of up to 113 dB and bright LED indicators in response to an alarm to deter and expose intruders. Communication with the wireless devices is provided via Ajax proprietary radio protocols Jeweler and Wings at a distance of up to 2,000 m. It’s perfect for covering large areas such as that of the station. Ajax SpaceControl Jeweller key fobs Dealing with the security system is as easy as it gets for both the client and the security company The client can control security modes effortlessly. There are four end users with different rights, and they can manage the system in the Ajax app on their phones and with wireless Ajax SpaceControl Jeweller key fobs. Von Wunster Next s.r.l., which installed the system and conducts monitoring, can track the devices’ status and take care of their configuration and maintenance remotely in the majority of cases.  Dealing with the security system is as easy as it gets for both the client and the security company. All the devices are either weather-resistant or reliably hidden in the case to withstand the impacts of the environment. Constant exposure to rain or sun does not affect the security system. Why Ajax Flexible power supply options. Ajax's product portfolio includes PSUs designed to connect the system to a low-voltage power supply even when no permanent power source is available. Wireless Ajax devices operate with pre-installed batteries for up to 3 years. Visual alarm verification. With photo verification, system users and monitoring company operators can promptly verify whether an alarm is real and save costs on patrol dispatches. It is a particularly important feature for remote objects. Remote system management. The system can be managed, configured, and maintained through Ajax apps with no people present on-site, which is a cost-effective solution for a remote object. Products Hub 2 (2G) Jeweller - Security system control panel with support for photo verification MotionCam Outdoor Jeweller - Wireless outdoor motion detector with a photo camera to verify alarms 6V PSU for Hub 2/Hub 2 Plus/ReX 2 - Power supply unit for operation of the device from portable battery StreetSiren DoubleDeck Jeweller - Wireless outdoor siren with a clip lock for a branded faceplate Ajax SpaceControl Jeweller - A key fob for controlling security modes

When the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority opens its upgraded desalination plant on Stock Island, Danfoss high-pressure pumps and energy recovery devices will radically improve the energy efficiency of a SWRO plant that plays a central role in the Florida Keys water supply strategy.   The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) supplies 20 million gallons of potable water per day (75.7k m3/d) to its nearly 80,000 customers in the Florida Keys. While most of the water is normally sourced in aquifers, FKAA also operates two seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants for emergency purposes and as a supplemental supply in periods of high demand. FKAA initiated the SWRO plant upgrade FKAA initiated the upgrade of one of these plants, the Kermit H. Lewin Water Treatment Plant located on Stock Island, to increase its capacity, make it more resilient to hurricanes and rising flood levels, and improve its energy efficiency. Since opening in 1980, not only have guidelines for storm protection of such critical infrastructure changed significantly, so has the potential to save on the energy required by desalination. Designed to withstand future floods and hurricanes With sustained winds above 157 mph, such storms can cause severe damage to everything in their path To improve resiliency to extreme weather events in the low-lying Florida Keys, the entire site and facility have now been upgraded to withstand Category 5 hurricanes, the most dangerous level of tropical storms. With sustained winds above 157 mph (252 kph), such storms can cause severe damage to everything in their path. Accordingly, the refurbished facility lifts all electrical and mechanical equipment above the base flood elevation and the expected sea-level rise anticipated by 2060, effectively placing the plant’s desalination operations on stilts to mitigate the risk of severe flooding. improve the plant’s energy efficiency Another key goal of the upgrade was to improve the plant’s energy efficiency at the same time as doubling its production capacity from 2 MGD (7,500 m3/d) to 4 MGD (15,000 m3/d). To bring the refurbished plant up to date and reduce its financial and environmental costs, Carollo, a major U.S. engineering firm specializing in water and wastewater facilities, specified the latest axial-piston high-pressure pumps to replace legacy centrifugal pumps and swapped out old turbines for the newest active isobaric energy recovery technology. Upgraded plant to consist of four RO trains This innovative high-pressure setup dramatically reduces the plant’s energy needs This innovative high-pressure setup dramatically reduces the plant’s energy needs. In the new Kermit H. Lewin Water Treatment Plant being built by Biwater, a world pioneer in water treatment, the RO process-specific energy consumption will be slashed from 25.6 kW/kgal (6.77 kWh/m3) to 8.6 kW/kgal (2.27 kWh/m3). With this improvement, the new plant will be among the most energy-efficient in its class, with significantly reduced electricity bills and greenhouse gas emissions. The upgraded plant will consist of four RO trains, each of which includes two Danfoss APP 86 high-pressure pumps and three Danfoss iSave 70 ERDs. Improvement in energy efficiency In addition to the dramatic improvement in energy efficiency, configuring each train with parallel high-pressure pumps provides additional resilience and other benefits: the smaller pumps are easier to lift and work on, and it is now affordable to keep a spare pump in stock. The new improved plant will come online in Q4 2024. The new Kermit H. Lewin Water Treatment Plant is located just north of the existing plant. Construction began in Q3 2021 and will be completed by Q2 2024. The plant is expected to be fully operational by Q4 2024.

The HVAC market is a rapidly changing environment on a variety of fronts, from the introduction of new refrigerants to the increasing use of artificial intelligence to the embrace of interconnected systems in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: How will the HVAC market change in the next five years?

For schools, improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is a basic function of HVAC systems, which also ensures a high comfort level for students, teachers and staff. Schools can be a lucrative market for HVAC systems, but there are challenges, such as long sales cycles and the lingering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: What are the challenges for HVAC in serving the education/schools market?

The practice of working from home soared during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and many observers see a likely continuation of the trend, as infection risks gradually subside. Both environments – home and office – depend on HVAC systems to keep occupants comfortable (and safe!). Therefore, the industry stands to be impacted whichever way the trend plays out. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: How will remote working affect residential and commercial HVAC?