COVID-19

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been getting a lot of attention. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that air inside buildings can be two to five times more contaminated than the air outside.  It is disconcerting when users consider on average they spend around 90 percent of time indoors. One of the key contributors to indoor pollution is volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These chemicals contaminate indoor air and can negatively affect the health and well being of occupants. VOCs in Buildings There are over 10,000 chemicals classified as VOCs, such as benzene, acetaldehyde, toulene, and phenol. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products including paint, cleaning supplies, furnishings, appliances, and adhesives.  Plus, as buildings become more energy efficient, they are also more airtight, reducing natural airflow from outside and trapping these pollutants indoors. Sick Building Syndrome Fifty percent of illnesses are either caused or aggravated by polluted indoor air The health impact from poor indoor air is widespread. Fifty percent of illnesses are either caused or aggravated by polluted indoor air. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk. Some individuals experience 'sick building syndrome' in which acute health problems appear to be linked to time spent in a building. It's crucial to recognize the dangers of VOCs and other pollutants, and take proactive measures to ensure the air within indoor environments is as clean as possible. Controlling indoor air pollution While there are strict OSHA guidelines for each VOC-emitting chemical, contractors and specifiers can further reduce indoor pollution and improve air quality by making some strategic decisions. Choose materials that are low in VOCs. Products with certifications like GREENGUARD, asthma & allergy friendly®, and Verified Healthier Air™ are reliable indicators of materials that support air quality. Ensure proper ventilation during and after construction to minimize VOC concentration indoors. Handle and store unused materials properly to contain emissions. Simple decisions, like the choice of insulation material, may seem inconsequential in the grand scheme of a construction project. However, it can have a profound and lasting impact on the health of future building occupants. HVAC fiberglass insulation By making informed choices and taking proactive measures, they can create healthier, more sustainable living and working environments. It's important to focus on the health of the indoor spaces just as much as everyone focuses on its energy efficiency and design. After all, the true legacy of a well-constructed space lies not just in its appearance or performance, but in its ability to safeguard the well-being of those who inhabit it. Knauf’s portfolio of Performance+TM HVAC fiberglass insulation stands out as the only formaldehyde-free option and the first to earn asthma & allergy friendly® certifications. The asthma & allergy friendly® certification established by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) and Allergy and Standards Limited (ASL) helps people identify products more suitable for those with asthma and allergies. The program requires rigorous independent physical and chemical testing to ensure products reduce allergen exposure and consistently meet strict criteria for pollutants in the indoor environment.

Florida-based Air Pro USA, a pioneering residential home services company, expressed its gratitude for mothers and all that they do this Mother’s Day by gifting free A/C units valued at $10,000 to four moms in several of its service areas including Boynton Beach and Hollywood, Florida as well as Mobile, Alabama and Everett, Washington. Just in time for summer, Air Pros USA, surprised Denise Green of Dania Beach, Florida; Priscillah Nzenge of Marysville, Washington; Eugenie Cave of Delray Beach, Florida; and Darcy Long of Eight Mile, Alabama with new A/C units. Air Pros USA sponsored the Mother’s Day Giveaway and accepted nominations from the community to honor mothers for all the love they give and the sacrifices they make for their families. Unwavering commitment Air Pros USA is proud to honor people in the community for all the sacrifices “The Air Pros team is inspired by these moms’ unwavering commitment to both their families and their communities,” said Anthony Perera, Founder and Chief Growth Officer of Air Pros USA. "It is apparent that they selflessly place the needs of their loved ones above their own, never seeking recognition. This serves as our heartfelt expression of gratitude for their tireless efforts." CM Heating and Cooling, ECM Air Conditioning, Hansen Super Techs, and parent company Air Pros USA are proud to honor people in the community for all the sacrifices they make for their children and families. Flooding Victim Denise Green was nominated by Rebuilding Together Broward County, an organization dedicated to eliminating unsafe and deplorable living conditions for low-income homeowners who are elderly, Veterans, and/or have disabilities. Green has four grown daughters and nine grandchildren. She shares her 1,200-square-foot home with two of her daughters and four grandchildren but has not had a working air conditioning unit for more than five years. In 2023 the family’s home was damaged by a flood and Green’s insurance did not cover necessary repairs. Despite health issues and hardships, Green still works at an aftercare program at a local school. She also continually gives back to her community and neighbors by providing food and shelter for those in need.  Social Service Steward Nzenge works tirelessly to help families at risk of child removal due to issues of abuse, neglect As a mother of four children, Priscillah Nzenge graciously keeps up with the daily demands of parenthood without the support of extended family, who reside in Africa. She lives with her 19-year-old son, who recently graduated from high school, a 16-year-old daughter, and two younger sons aged nine and six, all of whom she lovingly cares for while maintaining a full-time job. Nzenge works tirelessly to help families at risk of child removal due to issues of abuse, neglect, or mistreatment. Her efforts are focused on providing support and resources to remedy underlying issues as well as empowering parents to help them grow their parenting skills through services to help mitigate their parental deficiencies. Her work embodies a commitment to family preservation and community well-being. Nzenge was nominated by George Nzenge. She is grateful for her new unit as her old unit was broken and in disrepair. “Receiving this new unit was such a surprise,” said Priscillah Nzenge. “I did not expect it and I was so encouraged by the warm gesture. It is unbelievable how this came at the right time.” Church-going Great-grandmother and Widow Cave has been in the country since the late 90’s when she immigrated from Haiti Eugenie Cave of Delray Beach is a mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. Cave has been in the country since the late 90’s when she immigrated from Haiti. She is 92 years old and has lived alone on a fixed income since her husband passed away in 2019. She is a devout Christian who attends church every Wednesday night and Sunday morning, with the church van taking her to and from services. She also helps to watch over her great-grandson who is autistic.  Cave worked for more than 10 years at the local Pizza Hut and was forced to stop working due to her health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her A/C unit was nearly 10 years old and had been giving her trouble for the last year.  Role Model and Volunteer Darcy Long of Eight Mile, Alabama is a single mother of three boys, 16-year-old Reese, 15-year-old Aiden, and 11-year-old Dalton. The family lives in a home inherited from Long’s parents, a Marine Vietnam Veteran and a registered nurse. Long works full-time in the automotive industry, yet still prioritizes quality time with her sons, volunteers as a motivational speaker for mothers affected by domestic violence at Penelope House and devotes time to helping seniors at the Alpha Way retirement homes. Long’s air conditioner unit recently went out and needed a new thermostat and transmitter. She had been unable to afford these necessary repairs. 

SMS Environmental is excited to announce the release of the new white paper, 'Advancing Legionella Management: The Benefits of Transitioning from Manual to Remote Temperature Monitoring', which delves into the crucial topic of temperature control within water systems and its impact on Legionella bacteria. For those who don't know, Legionella bacteria is responsible for Legionnaires' disease, a potentially deadly form of pneumonia, making effective control measures a top priority for public health and safety. Remote monitoring technology While current policies emphasize manual temperature tabs as a key part of Legionella control While current guidelines emphasize manual temperature checks as a key component of Legionella control, the white paper challenges the limitations of this traditional method. In it, they argue that manual monitoring may not provide a complete picture of temperature fluctuations that contribute to bacterial growth, potentially leading to missed opportunities for effective risk management. The paper also introduces the concept of incorporating remote monitoring technology to enhance Legionella management strategies. By shifting to a more proactive and data-driven approach, they believe that organizations can make better-informed decisions, improve overall risk management, and ultimately reduce health risks associated with Legionella. benefits of this innovative approach To further illustrate the benefits of this innovative approach, the white paper includes a case study highlighting the successful implementation of remote monitoring in a real-world setting. They hope that this case study will inspire others to rethink their Legionella control strategies and consider the potential advantages of embracing new technologies. They invite them to download and explore the white paper to learn more about how remote monitoring can add food for thought regarding the way they manage Legionella risks. Together, they can work towards a safer and healthier environment for all.

Air pollution can have serious medical consequences for those living in locations with a poor rating. From triggering respiratory conditions to long-term impacts, such as dementia, it is clear why a variety of efforts are being made to help clean the atmosphere. With this in mind, David Millward, Group Product Manager from Elta Group, delves into the issues surrounding the right to clean air and why it shouldn’t stop there. Link between air pollution and medical illnesses The link between air pollution and both short and long-term medical illnesses has gained significant awareness The link between air pollution and both short and long-term medical illnesses has gained significant awareness in recent years with multiple studies being conducted to measure the connection. As a result, a variety of efforts have been made to decrease the amount of dust, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide released into the atmosphere, specifically in city centers and urban locations. UK cities implement clean air zones To curb the impact on residents, multiple cities across the UK have implemented clean air zones where vehicles that exceed the emissions standards must pay a fee to drive in the area. Meanwhile, updates to Part F of the Building Regulations have come into force for dwellings and other buildings. Through this, it is now a requirement that ventilation systems must extract air pollutants in kitchens and bathrooms, alongside minimizing the entry of pollution. These are positive steps in the right direction however we have not yet reached out target. The UK is still 1.8 times the average PM2.5 concentration according to the World Health Organization (WHO) annual air quality guideline value. Knowing this, everyone must continue the charge to reduce air pollution levels, and building service engineers have a key role to play. Creating Clean Air The use of clean air zones helps reduce the amount of pollution emitted outdoors Indoor and outdoor air quality can be tackled with different ways. The use of clean air zones helps reduce the amount of pollution emitted outdoors, but what can be done to improve the quality indoors? Good air within homes and businesses depends on several factors, including air movement and purification. These measures help improve the levels of pollution by introducing circulation and removing particle matter and airborne toxins that may impact an individual’s health. Overall, ventilation systems are required to implement these measures and ensure that not only indoor pollution levels stay low, but also prevent other hazards, such as damp and mold growth. Retrofitting, upgrading, or installing a ventilation system Retrofitting, upgrading, or installing a ventilation system requires skilled professionals that not only understand building regulations, but also know how to assemble and install a vital piece of equipment. Making Clean Air a Reality The efforts to help make air cleaner for all is still ongoing and it is imperative buildings both new and old have correctly specified and installed ventilation systems. That said space can be an issue during the construction or retrofit of an inner-city building. Even if specified correctly, ventilation systems are typically delivered to site unassembled, stored for weeks if not months, and then assembled once the build stage allows. Elta’s Prefabricated Solutions Through Elta’s Prefabricated Solutions, contractors have access to over 150,000 customizations In practice, this can cause issues, such as damp and mold to damage the fan and ancillaries, parts going missing, or the system being assembled incorrectly. It is due to this that a lot of contractors are turning to offsite methods of designing and building components, such as ventilation systems, and then delivering it to site when needed. Here is where building services engineers can turn to their Prefabricated Solutions to ensure they get the right solution for their needs. Through Elta’s Prefabricated Solutions, contractors have access to over 150,000 customizations of fans and ancillaries, with the systems being as small as 250mm, all the way up to 2m in diameter. A New Era of Air Movement and Quality On top of making great strides in prefabricated solutions, Elta is making significant efforts to help create a new era. Under the new strapline, ‘Air Movement, Air Quality’, they have undergone a major rebrand during their 50-year anniversary, bringing together sister companies - Fantech Ventilation in Ireland and Duct Products in Northern Ireland, alongside Elta Fans, and rebranding to Elta. Through these changes, building service engineers and tradespeople will have access to a complete portfolio of fans and ancillaries, so as to ensure they have the right system no matter the project. Alongside this, their team of experts will always be on hand to ensure regulations are met and the best products are chosen. Cleaner air is well within everyone’s grasp Cleaner air is well within everyone’s grasp and something that can be achieved using the right solutions. The benefits of removing pollution are too significant to ignore, so by optimizing ventilation systems, it can be made a reality.

Fellowes, a global pioneer and trusted partner that provides product solutions to fulfill a broad range of WorkLife needs, invites building and facility managers to think beyond floor and surface cleaning and consider the addition of indoor air quality (IAQ) in their overall cleaning protocols. Indoor air quality has become a paramount concern, and Fellowes’ Array network system addresses these evolving needs by providing smarter solutions for cleaner and healthier air in indoor environments. Indoor air quality  Traditional cleaning plans mainly focus on floors and surfaces and may ignore the impurities The devastating global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic permanently altered public perceptions of indoor air quality and its role in both infectious disease control as well as the overall cleanliness of a space. Air quality, including contaminant levels, is changing often in shared spaces, and monitoring to maintain proper IAQ is key to a clean and healthy building.  Traditional cleaning methods primarily focus on floors and surfaces and may ignore the contaminants in the air that can also affect our overall health. This spring, it is important to approach cleaning holistically, and make indoor air quality part of cleaning regimens. Perceptions of cleanliness Focusing on cleaner air leads to a healthier overall environment. One evident indicator of potentially unhealthy indoor air is odors; eliminating them can enhance perceptions of cleanliness. Moreover, improving air quality serves as a proactive approach to complement surface cleaning, preventing particulates from settling on surfaces. Additionally, traditional cleaning methods for floors and surfaces may release chemicals, necessitating air purification to remove VOCs and restore safety. This interconnected cycle underscores the significance of clean air in all environments. Possible remediation improvements Fellowes equips them with IAQ data along with offers for viable remediation advances Fellowes understands that each indoor environment is a complex ecosystem affected by factors such as heating, cooling, and ventilation systems, building construction, and age as well as factors outside of the building's envelope such as geographic region, contaminants and more.  Fellowes offers comprehensive assessments, including a complimentary IAQ assessment, to help them understand areas that may need improvement present in the facility so they can act where needed. Once the assessment is complete, Fellowes provides them with IAQ data along with recommendations for possible remediation improvements including its Array system. Array’s proprietary technology Array is the first system of its kind, where networked air purifiers work alongside commercial HVAC systems to improve indoor air quality faster and more efficiently than ever before. It also is designed to fit seamlessly into any space and can provide localized air quality management throughout your building. With no connection to ductwork needed, Array is ideal for retrofit implementation no matter the age of the building. Array’s proprietary technology combines the benefits of H13 True HEPA filtration and a full suite of indoor air quality sensors and monitoring, with real-time data to monitor, track, and improve building-wide air. While most HVAC systems aim to meet the MERV 13 standard of filtration, Array’s H13 True HEPA filters are twice as effective without compromising efficiency. The patented EnviroSmart+™ Technology continuously monitors the environment for changes in occupancy density and conditions of the space and automatically adjusts units to ramp up or down to address changes in contaminants. IAQ improvement solutions U.S. and Canadian adults who work at least one full day per week indoors at their employer’s location Arti Lyde, Global General Manager of Air Quality Management at Fellowes, emphasizes the importance of IAQ and believes that a facility is not truly clean if indoor air quality is not being addressed, stating, “New insights into the importance of clean air require an update to the way we think about clean spaces. Indoor air quality is an essential part of a clean and safe building, and workers agree, making investments in improving IAQ an important addition to overall cleaning protocols.” In a recent Fellowes survey of 1,085 U.S. and Canadian adults who work at least one full day per week indoors at their employer’s location, 91% expressed that clean air should be a fundamental right for all workers. “With such a large segment of workers concerned with indoor air quality it is vital for employers and building managers to incorporate IAQ improvement solutions in their plans,” continued Lyde. “We spend 90% of our lives inside buildings; these spaces must be at the heart of our overall wellness plans.” Array’s Viewpoint community With Fellowes Array, building managers and community members alike can be reassured on the quality of their air. Array Viewpoint, the cloud-based dashboard, provides data, notifications, and trends to building managers. These notifications include proactive reminders for filter re-orders, filter life status, and alerts to particularly contaminated areas, enabling optimal indoor air quality management and machine maintenance. Beyond building and facility managers, Array’s Viewpoint community dashboard allows workers to see precise air quality statuses and filtration progress, reassuring them of cleanliness building-wide and in real-time.

In this article, Ron Heymann, Senior Regional Manager, HVACR at ABB, will explore the crucial role of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) solutions in hospitals, with a particular focus on the use of variable speed drives (VSDs) to improve indoor air quality and energy efficiency. The quality of HVACR systems holds significant implications, specifically within hospitals, as inadequate air quality and the presence of harmonics in electrical distribution networks can compromise the integrity of critical areas such as isolation and operating rooms, the functioning of sensitive and critical equipment, and overall energy efficiency. This results in an increase in a hospital’s annual OPEX costs. Expansion of the HVACR system’s design VSDs are essential in providing optimal air quality as part of an overall “healthy building design” implemented by pioneering architects and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) firms around the world. They incorporate many design elements learned during and since the pandemic like the increased use of dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS). They are also essential in enabling necessary functions such as maintaining proper pressure in isolation and operating rooms. These are in addition to the basic heating and cooling functions most people equate to an HVACR system. These are in addition to the basic heating and cooling functions most people equate to an HVACR system Beyond air quality control, drives also play a key role in cutting maintenance and energy consumption costs by offering superior control over the motors powering the various fans, pumps, blowers, and compressors that comprise current day HVACR systems. VSDs allow the expansion of an HVACR system’s design with capabilities such as over-speeding variable speed components while still maintaining high system efficiency. Use of ultra-low harmonic VSDs Most newer hospitals will already be fitted with VSDs, whereas older facilities may require significant upgrades or retrofits. However, while VSDs bring many benefits in terms of energy efficiency, they along with other non-linear electrical loads can introduce harmonics into the electrical distribution network. Harmonics negatively impact energy efficiency and equipment reliability. This potential impact on energy efficiency and reliability cannot be underestimated. More harmonics lead to higher energy losses, contributing to escalating utility bills. In the US, utility companies go as far as to charge for poor power factor, adding to annual OPEX budgets. There is good news though, as the use of ultra-low harmonic VSDs significantly reduces the amount of harmonics introduced into the electrical distribution within a hospital.

Patented new filtration technology proved it can upgrade AC units and Air Curtains to become highly effective Air Purifiers. Background and problem AC Split Units and Air Curtains employ coarse dust filters that are normally installed within the housing at the air return vent to allow for frequent filter cleaning. While this vital activity is generally performed on a regular basis in professional settings, it may be overlooked in home settings, leading to the clogging of these filters. This decreases device efficiency and, in general, leads to increased energy consumption. As a result, frequent preventative filter maintenance is advised as an industry standard. As a result, frequent preventative filter maintenance is advised as an industry standard While the existing filters are adequate for keeping the machine coil clear of coarse particles, they are all based on the ‘sieve’ filtering concept. As a result, they are unable to gather fine PM10, PM2.5, and ultra-fine PM1 particles, which are crucial for maintaining healthy in-room air quality. These invisible dust forms are simply circulated around the room. Airflow resistance problem In cooling mode, the given humidity condenses, and when combined with passing fine dust, this can lead to the production of biological hazards such as mold and bacteria within the coils, making dirty AC units a source of deteriorating air quality over time. Professional servicing is usually necessary to clean the coils, which adds another cost factor to consider. Using a standard HEPA filter would be impossible since its resistance would diminish the airflow rate, rendering the AC or Air Curtain inoperable. Generating air turbulence The double-layer filter is built with parallel and staggered filter rods to generate air Turbulence How to solve the airflow resistance problem - Dexwet Filters, a global technology company based in the United States, created a novel and radically different filtration approach that allows for minimal airflow reduction while successfully capturing PM10 particles down to PM1. The double-layer filter is built with parallel and staggered filter rods to generate air Turbulence while allowing for easy air passage with minimum resistance, akin to the human nose. The filter rods are covered with a sticky medical-grade silicone fluid that, like fly paper, permanently traps particles of any size and absorbs them into the oil. When the filters need to be serviced, there is no need to discard them because they can be easily cleaned with simple washing. The double-layer filter is built with parallel and staggered filter rods to generate air Turbulence Internal coarse dust filter How low airflow resistance filters work to protect both machine and human health - Recent case studies with retrofitting Dexwet Filters to existing AC units show that the physical concepts of ‘Turbulence and Absorption’ were implemented with a minimal airflow decrease of less than 7%.  Studies also proved that the resistance required no additional energy and that the AC unit operated normally. Because the filters were installed onto the intake vent as a prefilter to the existing internal coarse dust filter, they offered extra filtering, allowing the internal filter to operate for extended periods of time before needing to be cleaned. Improved energy efficiency More importantly, it not only kept the existing filter cleaner for a longer period of time More importantly, it not only kept the existing filter cleaner for a longer period of time, but it also protected the coils from high ratios of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 particles, reducing the formation of bio-hazards such as mold and bacteria, combining Dexwet labels as machine health with improved energy efficiency. In terms of human health protection, it was demonstrated in the aforementioned case study and in relation to the effect on indoor air quality that up to 60% of PM2.5 concentration within the room could be lowered during one ACR (Air Change Rate), which took only 15 minutes. The combined results of filter effectiveness and energy consumption outperformed the best conventional Air Purifiers based on HEPA filter technology, which became a thriving new market segment as people became more aware of the fine dust problem, air quality in general, and the recent pandemic in particular. It's all about ACR (Air Change Rates) Adding these filters to an existing Split Unit AC with an ACR of 4x essentially transforms the AC into an air purifier. According to the principle stated above, the higher the ACR, the greater the number of filter passes, resulting in greater air clean air efficacy. Because ACR is directly related to the effectiveness of cleaning the air, as ACR rises, so does air quality. Air Curtains have a significantly greater ACR than the AC units mentioned above Air Curtains have a significantly greater ACR than the AC units mentioned above. AC units normally work at roughly 3mph, resulting in an ACR of 4x per hour, whereas Air Curtains function at around 21mph, which is 7x faster than AC units. It is tentatively predicted that an Air Curtain can enhance continuous interior air quality by a factor of 5 when compared to a single AC unit. Air Curtain Effectiveness Because Dexwet is always pushing the boundaries of its technological capabilities, outstanding results were achieved in a recent refit application in a money counting room. Money may not stink, as the ancient Romans understood, but money counting is a dirty operation. The continual rotation of banknotes in money-counting devices creates extraordinarily high dust emissions into the air. As a result of the employees' respiratory issues, the supplied Air Curtain was modified with a retrofitted Dexwet Filter on the front outside as a retrofit remedy. After only three weeks, the filter already appears quite dirty from the front but has not yet collected enough debris on the second layer to necessitate filter repair. Maintenance cost savings Prior to installation, the Air Curtain unit needed to be cleaned once a month Prior to installation, the Air Curtain unit needed to be cleaned once a month; currently, it only has to be cleaned once a year, with the filter changed every 60 days, resulting in significant maintenance cost savings. Dexwet filters for Split AC and Air Curtain Units are now only available through service partners globally. The ideal long-term answer would be for their filters to be included in an AC or Air Curtain manufacturer's OEM machine design. This would provide them a competitive edge by allowing them to be the first to offer Air Purification as an add-on feature to their existing products. Prior to installation, the Air Curtain unit needed to be cleaned once a month Expanding usage opportunities Clemens Sparowitz is Chief Operating Officer (COO) at Dexwet Holdings Corporation. He has more than two decades of experience as a successful entrepreneur, executive, developer, and published author. He oversees the operational tasks related to managing Dexwet’s manufacturing and assembly partners. Since joining the company, Clemens has led multiple groundbreaking projects, including the successful application of Dexwet’s innovative technology to NASCAR-Europe and the development of the two most recent generations of air filter technology expanding usage opportunities beyond machine health to human health including via HVAC systems.

Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) has been a longstanding problem within educational institutions, where it has been known to affect productivity and performance, as well as mental and physical health. And it’s not just the pupils at risk, with studies finding that this deleterious phenomenon can also compromise teaching performance and delivery, which inevitably affects the quality of the information received. CO2 concentrations This has recently been evidenced in a study conducted by the University of New South Wales Sydney’s School of Built Environment, which found that CO2 concentrations in classrooms far exceeded the 850-ppm permitted. It highlighted that, in addition to significantly lowering concentration and attentiveness, this undesirable situation was raising the concentration of other harmful contaminants and VOCs from building materials, furniture, and cleaning product residue. Poor ventilation  The situation was further exacerbated by higher than average indoor air temperatures They also highlighted that the situation was further exacerbated by higher than average indoor air temperatures, which, in addition to poor IAQ, are caused by poor ventilation. While it’s acknowledged many factors contribute to slower development in pupils, I don’t think it’s unfair to single out poor IAQ as one of them. The good news is that it’s also one of the easiest ones to redress. Adopting a natural approach Until recently, it was often assumed, incorrectly, that fully mechanical HVAC provided the best option to ensure optimal ventilation. However, with perceptions around climate change shifting, and the realization that these systems are particularly carbon-intensive, many have started to question whether it’s wise to remove CO2 from a building’s interior while also creating more of it in the process. It became like robbing Peter to pay Paul. Low-emissions Those involved in the design, and build of educational institutions turn toward natural ventilation Certainly, it’s a view gathering more momentum in the specification community, particularly for commercial and public buildings where green targets are regularly a compulsory requirement of the design brief.  This is encouraging more of those involved in the design, build, and retrofitting of educational institutions to turn towards natural ventilation to provide an effective solution to the IAQ conundrum, while also delivering on low-emission stipulations. It’s something HVAC professionals should take careful note of. A smarter system Whilst many reading this will be aware of how natural ventilation systems work. They might be less familiar with how these systems have evolved over the past decade to compete like-for-like with their mechanical counterparts. They are starting to outstrip them in terms of performance and cost, both carbon and financial. What’s made this possible is the rapid evolution of AI technology, which has transformed the natural ventilation sector to make it truly competitive within the HVAC marketplace. Smart sensors  It means that the best of both worlds can be achieved, better IAQ and lower environmental damage Now, natural systems can be equipped with smart sensors, linked to a building management system, and automated to respond to climatic and meteorological conditions. This controls the circulation of natural, not recycled, air, delivering optimal ventilation which reduces CO2 rather than adding more. Crucially, it means that the best of both worlds can be achieved, better IAQ and lower environmental damage. For schools, pupils and teachers alike can breathe easy in the knowledge that they are working within a safe, comfortable, and sustainable classroom. A holistic approach However, natural ventilation, as effective as it is, is not the full picture. As UNSW’s research found, emissions from building fabric, furniture, and other organic and artificial VOCs still pose a hazard, even in the airiest of environments. As such, it’s important to limit risk by installing natural ventilation systems in conjunction with other design principles which encourage sustainability and wellbeing. Eco-Schools Programme A holistic approach is adopted in the education sector, with more schools planned in line with Net Zero targets We’re seeing this holistic approach being adopted with gusto in the education sector, with an increasing number of schools planned, designed, and built to low carbon standards, in line with Net Zero targets. The Eco-Schools Programme is one excellent example, showing how students and teachers are collaborating to encourage more sustainable learning environments. This has led to a rising stakeholder interest in passive and natural fixtures, fittings, and finishes, and it’s in the interests, both compassionately and commercially, of built environment professionals to respond with greener specification choices. Natural ventilation is, well, a natural choice to meet this increasing demand. A grade air quality In the HVAC community, the winds of change are gusting all around us, and the education sector is providing an excellent example of how optimal IAQ is becoming a priority while being delivered sustainably. Following two torrid years where COVID-19 seriously affected the learning and development of a generation, there’s a strong imperative, to ensure the environment they return to is as safe and comfortable as possible. Likewise, it should be a sustainable one. Natural ventilation delivers on both counts. Not only can these low impact, low emission, and low energy systems make poor IAQ a thing of the past, but they will help to improve the quality of education by providing a comfortable and conducive environment for academia to flourish.

Achieving carbon neutrality has, once more, become a business priority. Whilst COVID-19 distracted attention away from the drive towards Net Zero, green issues are once more back on the agenda and rising to the top of it. Building specifications The built environment accounts for around 28-40% of global emissions, so there is a collective ambition to start specifying buildings with as low a carbon footprint as possible. This is particularly true of commercial office spaces where operational costs have remained traditionally high, requiring the need for continuous lighting, ventilation, and heating to maintain them, whether occupied or vacant.  Maximum safety levels in offices Ensuring maximum safety levels within the office, ensuring employee health and wellbeing should not be compromised Furthermore, whilst the pandemic is in retreat a concern persists with ensuring maximum safety levels within office interiors; ensuring employee health and wellbeing are not compromised. There are also employee-side pressures, with many returning to a CBD office environment there’s a justified concern that the workspaces they’re returning to are fit-for-purpose, risk-free, and designed to help them get the most from their working day. HVAC assessment It’s a complex cocktail of new priorities and presents a sizeable challenge for employers and the design community alike. Whilst there are several new considerations for the office fit-out of the here and now, one simple and effective way, whether new build or retrofit, is to assess the HVAC systems. Not only can this exercise help achieve a low-carbon outcome, but a healthier one too. Mind your IAQs Poor air quality has plagued office interiors for years, but the recent pandemic threw a spotlight on the issue and has encouraged a greater focus on achieving optimum IAQ to create a healthier, lower-risk working environment. It pays to give IAQ serious consideration as the impact it can have on a workforce is significant. Causes of poor IAQ Poor IAQ within commercial buildings can foster a variety of different and negative health effects Poor IAQ within commercial buildings can foster a variety of different and negative health effects, the most common of which is Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). This relates to the name of a variety of symptoms caused when confined to a badly ventilated, indoor space for an extended period. The condition can range from prolonged headaches and irritating dry-itchy skin to rashes. Impact and solution for Poor IAQ That just scratches the surface. Poor IAQ is also scientifically proven to have a sharply negative impact on concentration and productivity, seriously affecting levels of quality, and quantity, of work delivered throughout the day. The good news is a practical and scalable solution: natural ventilation. Taking a Natural Approach The increase in employee wellbeing, Natasha’s law, and a growing legal obligation to fulfill a duty of care to staff, to maintain a culture of good practice, and boost productivity are driving the need for a sustainable way of improving IAQ. Furthermore, as highlighted above, companies across the UK are being encouraged to adopt a more sustainable approach to business, in line with global Net Zero 2050 targets. Sustainable option An eminently sustainable option, Natural ventilation uses programmable smart technology to automate systems Essentially, Natural ventilation is the low-impact, high-performance future of air conditioning and ventilation and a proven cure for poor IAQ. The provision of natural, as opposed to recycled, air improves working conditions inside commercial spaces such as offices, educational buildings, and healthcare facilities. An eminently sustainable option, it uses programmable smart technology to automate systems to guarantee the minimum amount of energy is used. AI-supported passive system The implementation of this type of AI-supported passive system takes advantage of natural air currents to ventilate the airflow indoors, while also helping to regulate the interior temperature. Introducing fresh air indoors while releasing the stale air that’s been stored inside a building increases comfort. Specified alongside a fabric first structure, natural ventilation can also deliver better thermal performance without mechanical assistance. Greater Degree of Control Whilst mechanical ventilation used to be regarded as more controllable, it’s now rightly seen as wasting massive amounts of energy and expending significant levels of CO2. The evolution of natural systems over the past decade, as well as a rapid advancement of sensory technology to support actuators, has helped to shift the balance.   Optimum building performance When programmed appropriately these sensor-smart controllers guarantee a comfortable indoor environment The shift is brought by connecting advanced building management systems to window automation. Ideally, the BMS system uses a weather station to constantly communicate with room sensors, relaying information back to control the best time and positons to vent during the day. When programmed appropriately these sensor-smart controllers guarantees a comfortable indoor environment is constantly nurtured, thus eliminating the need for constant manual maintenance.  By utilizing network-based controllers, the overall makeup of the building will perform at an optimum level. Working in Harmony Natural ventilation works best when considered in conjunction with other design elements and approaches. Treating sustainability holistically is by far the best option and incorporating other green components, fixture and finishes are advisable. For example, using materials manufactured to a circular approach or seeing what existing fixtures can be given a new lease of life. Biophilic features Of course, you should limit the amount of VOC potential too, otherwise, all the good work of a natural ventilation system will be compromised. Biophilic features are also a good idea, promoting better air quality with plant life planned throughout the office floorplan, imbuing these commercial spaces with a natural atmosphere, and can support stress reduction and mental restoration. Returning to Work Employees want a hybrid working model and an office that mimics the flexibility and comfort of working from home The UK government is trying to encourage a workforce now accustomed to working at home to return to the office, with mixed results. However, a changing attitude amongst staff has not been lost on employers who are now taking a more considerate approach to the design and layout of the office. More and more, employees want a hybrid working model, and this is an office space that mimics some of the security, flexibility, and comfort of working from home. Of course, business is business, so this has to be carefully balanced and, whilst ensuring a low-stress environment, ensuring maximum focus is key. healthy and productive working environment Beyond the refreshed floorplan and ergonomic furniture, Natural Ventilation can play a crucial role in helping to deliver a healthy and productive working environment. These systems reduce the potential for SBS, through the guarantee of plenty of fresh air circulating throughout the building, lowering the potential for adverse health effects and stress-related sick leave.  higher energy efficiency  Natural ventilation can achieve lower emissions and healthier indoor environments Ultimately, specifying natural ventilation systems will deliver numerous benefits, far beyond ensuring the best possible IAQ and the immediate reduction of operational costs. Backed by the right supporting technology and correct programming, within a recognized Building Management Software platform, it can achieve lower emissions, higher energy efficiency, and healthier indoor environments. Making a Healthier Choice An affordable and sustainable option for now and the future, it can help encourage workers to return to the office, knowing their health and well-being are at the forefront of their employer’s mind. Reassuring, natural ventilation is enabling us all to master the ability to breathe freely and easily.

Data centers have been around as long as the Internet, although the introduction of the iPhone in 2007 significantly increased the demand for data centers. When the COVID pandemic required more people to work from home, the impact was to push digital demand to even higher levels. In short, as of 2023, it is a challenge to build data centers fast enough. environmental aspects Thousands of computer servers operating in a data center give off a lot of heat, so cooling is a critical need. A typical rack in a data center generates the heat equivalent of 30 hair dryers, and there can be 4,000 racks in a data center. In addition, the environmental aspects of cooling data centers are top of mind. “When we talk about sustainability, it is not just about how little energy we use, but how efficiently we use water that is preferably non-drinking water,” says Jacob Jul Jensen, Head of Business Development, Data Centers, Danfoss. sustainable cooling solutions Data centers can’t be built fast enough to keep up with the demands of our digital age" “How little energy can I use, how little water, and how can I source renewable energy from local sources?” “Data centers can’t be built fast enough to keep up with the demands of our digital age,” Jensen told attendees at a press event during the AHR Expo 2023. The growth, coupled with the desire for sustainable cooling solutions, is creating opportunities for innovation, he says. Turbocor compressors Danfoss has expanded the capabilities of its Turbocor compressors with a higher saturated suction temperature (SST) operating range, helping OEMs bring the benefits of oil-free technology to data centers operating at higher temperatures. Oil-free compressors do not require lubrication because the motor shaft levitates in a magnetic field. Benefits include no mechanical wear to the system and lower maintenance costs. With higher-powered servers required to deliver new capabilities such as artificial intelligence (AI), the need to cool data centers is greater than ever. waterless, energy-saving cooling solutions Jakob Carnemark, the founder of Endeavour Energy, a Danfoss customer that partners with global cloud companies to build data centers with waterless, energy-saving cooling solutions, shared his company’s story of using Danfoss technologies, including Turbocor compressors, as part of its comprehensive waterless cooling system. The efficient cooling system uses no water or outside air and meets cooling needs for data centers in high-temperature climates, reducing both water and energy. water-positive We became an early adopter of Turbocor compressors with a long-term goal of being net-zero with zero water" “We became an early adopter of the Turbocor compressors from Danfoss, with a long-term goal of moving from being a big power and water hog, to being net-zero with zero water, and water-positive,” says Carnemark.  “We have a broad team working through data centers putting our resources where innovation is needed.” power usage effectiveness (PUE) Together, current data center cooling systems optimize power usage effectiveness (PUE), water usage, energy reuse, and the capacity of data center equipment. Systems also prevent expensive downtime and keep energy consumption and carbon footprint at a minimum. PUE, or power usage effectiveness, is a metric used to evaluate the energy efficiency of data centers. evaluating energy efficiency It measures the ratio of the total energy consumed by a data center to the energy consumed by its IT equipment. A PUE of 1.0 indicates that all the energy consumed by the data center is used by the IT equipment, while a PUE of 2.0 means that for every watt of energy consumed by the IT equipment, an additional watt is consumed by the data center's cooling, lighting, and other non-IT equipment. regular maintenance and measurement Regularly measuring PUE can help data centers identify opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs Current data centers average a PUE of 1.57, while more new builds are designed with PUEs of 1.3 or less. A high PUE indicates that the data center is not operating efficiently, and measures should be taken to reduce energy consumption. This can include upgrading cooling systems, improving airflow management, or virtualizing servers to reduce the number of physical servers needed. Regularly measuring PUE can help data center operators monitor their energy consumption and identify opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize their environmental impact. Water management  Minimizing the water used in cooling data centers is critical. Water is an efficient medium for removing heat from a data center; however, data centers need to manage their water use carefully to minimize the environmental impact and ensure the availability of water resources. This can include measures such as using recycled water or implementing water-conserving technologies. Cooling towers Cooling towers are one method used to remove heat from a data center. Water is pumped through the data center's cooling system, absorbing heat as it circulates. The hot water is then sent to the cooling tower, where it is sprayed onto a large surface area. This allows the water to evaporate, carrying away the heat in the process. The cooled water is then sent back to the data center for another round of cooling. Water-cooled chillers Water is pumped through a heat exchanger, where it absorbs heat from the data center's cooling system Water-cooled chillers in data centers use water as a heat transfer fluid to remove heat. Water is pumped through a heat exchanger, where it absorbs heat from the data center's cooling system. The hot water is then sent to the chiller, where it is cooled using a refrigeration cycle. The cooled water is then sent back to the data center for another round of cooling. Direct liquid cooling systems Direct liquid cooling systems use water to directly cool the servers in the data center. Water is pumped through a system of pipes and heat exchangers that are integrated into the server racks. The water absorbs heat from the servers, and then the hot water is sent to a heat exchanger or cooling tower to be cooled before recirculating. impact on the water supply Data centers can have a significant impact on the water supply of surrounding communities, depending on the size of the data center, the cooling systems used, and the availability of water resources in the area. Data centers require large amounts of water for cooling, which can strain local water resources, especially in areas with water scarcity or drought. According to some estimates, a single large data center can consume as much water as a small town. water conservation measures Cooling systems that use water can also generate wastewater which can contaminate local water sources Cooling systems that use water can also generate wastewater that may contain pollutants, such as chemicals used in the cooling process or metals from the equipment. If not properly treated, this wastewater can contaminate local water sources, such as rivers or groundwater. Data centers can compete with other users, such as agriculture or residential users, for access to local water resources. This can lead to conflicts over water allocation and pricing. To minimize the impact of data centers on local water resources, data center operators can implement water conservation measures, such as using recycled or treated wastewater, implementing water-efficient cooling technologies, or locating data centers in areas with ample water resources. new approach Many data centers do not need to be as cool as one might think, certainly not as cool as a comfortable ambient temperature. For most data centers, temperatures of 24°-25°C (75°-77°F) will suffice. Newer computer designs enable chillers to generate leaving water temperatures (LWT) as high as 82° F, thus requiring less cooling cost. As cooling systems remove heat from data centers, a new approach seeks to use that heat to warm nearby buildings tied together in a district heating configuration, a much better use of the heat than releasing it into the air.

The 486,805 square feet of exhibit space at AHR Expo 2023 in Atlanta provided clear evidence of how technology innovation in HVAC has accelerated in the last decade. Change and progress were everywhere among the 1,779 exhibitors, including 425 international exhibits. HVAC systems on display New electronic tools, cloud-based solutions, higher efficiency ratings, mini-split systems, new regulations, and new control strategies are driving product development enabling HVAC systems to deliver new solutions for customers. The 42,794 attendees at AHR Expo 2023 took notice. Heat pumps continue to lead product innovation, with many systems targeting better performance in colder climates. Combination systems that incorporate water heating along with ambient heating and cooling are also more common. solutions rather than equipment More than one exhibitor at AHR Expo 2023 noted that their emphasis this year is on “solutions rather than equipment.” It’s no longer just about products, or even about how things work. Rather, it’s about how they work together, and what problem(s) they can solve. Digital systems Digital systems are higher-profile this year than ever, somewhat supplanting the dominance of large equipment displays of years past. Instead of showing the big equipment, some exhibitors embraced schematics and animated simulations to demonstrate their operation on a video screen. Virtual displays also highlighted the operation of electronic control systems and other digital elements of the latest HVAC systems. Regulations, positive economic winds Regulations are ensuring a continuing demand for new equipment, and tax incentives are creating new business growth An economic slowdown is a possibility later in 2023, according to economists, but there was little concern evident at AHR Expo. Exemplifying an industry in the process of reinventing itself, the show reflected positive economic winds that will make HVAC more lucrative than ever in the coming years. Regulations are ensuring a continuing demand for new equipment, and tax incentives (such as those in the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act) are creating new business growth. Several exhibitors helpfully highlighted which of their products are eligible for tax incentives. new sustainable HVAC technologies As part of the broader trend of digital transformation in the built environment, HVAC is interfacing with building systems in new ways. As a major player in decarbonization, new HVAC technologies will lead the way to a more sustainable future. IAQ and decarbonization HVAC is also at the center of concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) that follow a worldwide pandemic. “IAQ and decarbonization are the two most important trends in the built environment and will remain so for decades to come,” says David Budzinski, President, of Global Residential & Light Commercial at Johnson Controls.   electronic offerings An integration tool called NODE-Red enables various IoT sensors to be configured virtually into the system An example of electronic offerings at AHR was Delta Controls’ Red5 room controller which combines HVAC controls with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities, enabling more devices to interoperate and communicate in a building system. An integration tool called NODE-Red enables various IoT sensors to be configured virtually into the system. Also, the O3 sensor detects motion to assess the number of room occupants without using video (less intrusive); it also measures humidity, temperature, sound, light intensity, etc. AIM Act With Jan. 1, 2025, looming for compliance with the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act to phase out the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), there is still a lot of work to do. A proposed rule prohibits the manufacture of equipment containing HFCs by Jan. 1, 2025.   Energy transition “If all of our work together, whether manufacturers, contractors, or distributors, we can keep this conversation front and center and be ready for the transition,” says Brandon Marshall, Chemours’ North American Marketing Manager for Thermal & Specialized Solutions. “If we work together, we can navigate the change, and training is a key piece of it.” Best practices Becoming better informed enables everyone to understand and get comfortable with the solutions" Some new refrigerants are rated “mildly flammable.” Although this is a consideration, it should not be a major concern, says Marshall.  “Best practices can ensure you are managing the product safely, and becoming better informed enables everyone to understand and get comfortable with the solutions.” awareness Chemours conducts webinars, publishes documents, and makes updates available about the refrigerant transition. “We have to pay attention to the regulatory environment,” says Marshall. “Jan. 1, 2025, is coming fast.” More awareness is needed as the industry works toward the deadline. Contractors should also beware of low-quality or counterfeit refrigerant products, says Marshall. skilled labor shortage The skilled labor shortage in HVAC and other trades was another theme at AHR 2023. The labor shortage increases the need for training. “If you want to grow your business 20 to 30%, you should grow your people that much both the number of people and the knowledge of staff,” says Dan Clapper, Market Director, Interplay Learning. He adds that a company should devote up to 10% per week to training. Interplay Learning’s interactive, 3D simulation-based training platform is “as close to on-the-job training as you can get.” In effect, the simulations provide “before-the-job training.” Training investments Another training company, BDR (Business Development Resources), notes that their clients demonstrate 38% higher revenue per employee and 81% higher gross profit per employee. Revenue per service truck increases to $40,000 from the industry average of $12,000 after investments in training, says BDR, which provides in-person classes. Another exhibitor, XOi Technologies offers a smartphone app that provides expertise to lesser-trained HVAC installers. Their slogan is “We’re your journeyman on every job.” Journeyman is the brand name of the helpful app.

In its simplest terms, artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to mimic the operation of the human brain. Combined with the Internet of Things (IoT), AI currently has a higher profile than ever. In effect, AI is changing how we use information, analyzing massive amounts of data, and improving decision-making. The impact of AI is being felt in many industries and markets, from real-time monitoring of manufacturing processes to analyzing medical data trends to enable early detection of cancer and other diseases; from automating online customer interactions to integrating enterprise operations for faster decision-making. Suddenly AI is everywhere. AI in HVAC AI provides a new tool to improve energy efficiency, system performance, and indoor environmental quality In the HVAC market, AI provides a new tool to improve energy efficiency, system performance, and indoor environmental quality. In fact, the changing elements and multiple variables involved in heating and cooling a building provide a challenge that is singularly suited to leveraging the capabilities of AI. AI provides dynamic new ways to control airflow, temperature, and humidity while promoting air quality and keeping energy costs low. AI drives a Model Predictive Control (MPC) System to adjust controls constantly based on current conditions and expected future circumstances. MPC computes control actions by solving an optimization problem in real time. Use of AI Algorithms Static thermostat settings and manual HVAC controls are insufficient when it comes to achieving optimal indoor air quality, the ultimate moving target. Complex AI algorithms can respond quickly and account for changing variables and maximize HVAC operations and benefits at the lowest possible cost. No manual configuration is needed. Algorithms can even “learn” from the presented data. energy savings Newer HVAC equipment can already provide major energy savings and better performance. AI augments the performance of newer equipment by optimizing how it operates and adjusting operations in real-time in response to conditions. The resulting improvements in performance can help buildings attain certifications such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and the WELL Building Standard. Managing HVAC variables AI must balance to minimize energy consumption while providing human comfort for building occupants AI capabilities can also be used to update an existing system while continuing to leverage the previous investment in HVAC hardware. Variables for any building’s HVAC system include the outdoor temperature, number of building occupants, indoor air quality, and how the indoor spaces are used. Some variables are controllable, and some are not. Among other factors, an AI system analyzes occupant behavior to maximize HVAC response. Using real-time data from building sensors, AI manages how the HVAC system responds to changes while nurturing a delicate balance of multiple factors. Systems must balance the benefits of ventilation versus their negative impact on indoor temperature. AI must balance the need to minimize energy consumption while providing human comfort for building occupants.  performance optimization  AI can control various components of a system. For example, AI can optimize the deployment of airside economizers that increase ventilation when outdoor air has suitable humidity and temperature for “free cooling.” It can also facilitate heat exchange between the supply air and exhaust air through energy recovery ventilation. Addressing ventilation needs By disrupting how buildings are used, the COVID pandemic highlighted an even greater need for building environments to adapt to changing conditions. In effect, the pandemic increased the value proposition for AI in the HVAC market. COVID’s emphasis on the need for ventilation to minimize disease spread plays into AI’s ability to balance ventilation with other environmental needs. predictive maintenance Flexible employee scheduling and changing building occupancy patterns yield opportunities to maximize performance Flexible employee scheduling and changing building occupancy patterns (i.e., fewer people working and/or keeping different hours) yield additional opportunities to maximize performance and minimize costs using AI. For building managers, AI can crunch data to impart better information on the predictive maintenance of an HVAC system. Early detection of maintenance problems can address minor problems before they become major concerns. AI-based bAC Minimizing HVAC costs can equip building owners to be more cost-competitive if needed as the real estate market changes. Smart building systems provide a real estate selling point. Working along with AI-based building automation systems (BAC), HVAC can interface with other elements of building operation, such as lighting and security, to further optimize operations. AI can help building owners comply with any legal requirements related to indoor air quality. As building needs change, AI systems can be quickly reprogrammed as needed.

When Harry Lau, Administrator for Facilities and Operations for the Livonia Public Schools, joined the district in 2013, he identified a significant need to improve the HVAC equipment throughout the entire school system. All 25 buildings, including schools and administration offices, had significant inefficiencies with their HVAC systems. The infrastructure was outdated and the horizontal unit ventilators that were in use were from the 1950s and 60s and were well beyond their life expectancy. The old units were prone to freezing, and there were control issues that further exacerbated the problem. Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) and inefficient temperature controls led to discomfort among staff and students, impacting the overall learning environment. His primary goal was to reduce the number of environmental air quality concerns, reduce district utility and maintenance costs, and improve the overall comfort and air quality throughout the system. The Solution To address these issues, Livonia Public Schools secured funds via a successful bond measure To address these issues, Livonia Public Schools secured funds through a successful bond measure. There were multiple contractors and manufacturers involved for the entire system upgrade, but for the classrooms specifically, the district chose to upgrade to Airedale by Modine Classmate® vertical units. Looking at the specifications of these units, Harry was certain the Classmate® would meet their needs.  The previous units had structural and design issues that led to multiple repairs, and Harry knew that they would have fewer maintenance issues with the Classmate® because of the way they are designed. They also chose to modernize control of the system by implementing a building management system allowing for real-time monitoring and centralized management of the HVAC systems across all buildings. The Results The HVAC system upgrades have resulted in dramatic improvements in IAQ and energy efficiency. The new systems have provided better temperature control, faster cooling, and heating, and have reduced energy consumption by 20%. The upgraded systems also led to a quieter environment, enhancing the learning experience. The ability to monitor and manage the HVAC systems in real time has allowed for proactive maintenance and further cost savings. Harry said he wanted the classroom instructors to have some anonymity with temperature control. While the set points follow ASHRAE recommendations, the units are equipped to give the teachers some control to bump the temperature up or down a few degrees to suit their comfort level and those of the students.  "With partners like Modine, they opened our eyes on ways of doing things," said Harry Lau, adding "It has been refreshing to actually be heard by the professionals." Implementation of HVAC upgrades Livonia Public Schools has been recognized by the U.S. DOE’s Efficient and Healthy Schools Program Because of their commitment to improving IAQ and energy efficiency, Livonia Public Schools has been recognized by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Efficient and Healthy Schools Program. This program recognizes and assists school districts seeking to implement high-impact indoor air quality and efficiency improvements. They were honored for optimizing their operations to improve building performance. The district was also recognized by the city as a green energy partner. Harry said that the classroom learning environments have been dramatically updated and they have seen a significant improvement. The consistent modulation of the fresh air has been greatly noticed. Livonia Public Schools’ proactive approach to HVAC upgrades A huge point of pride for the district was being able to confidently inform their staff and parents that they were ahead of the curve in ensuring quality indoor air once students and staff were able to return to indoor classroom learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Livonia Public Schools’ proactive approach and successful implementation of HVAC upgrades have set a benchmark for other districts aiming to improve their learning environments through better air quality and energy efficiency.

HVAC Restoration saves $1 million dollars in capital budget at the University of Texas, San Antonio with refurbishment of two air handler units (AHUs). Challenge The University of Texas San Antonio (UTSA) faced ongoing maintenance issues with two large air handler units (AHUs): AHU 23 S-7 and AHU 24 S-8. After years of wear and tear, the AHUs started to severely deteriorate. Eventually, the axle that drives the blower wheel broke and needed to be replaced. Because of this, there was no airflow or ventilation being supplied in the UTSA Convocation Center. UTSA decides to restore air handler units (AHUs) UTSA decided to restore the AHUs with the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF) UTSA decided to restore the AHUs with the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF), provided by the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), through the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. This presented a challenge because of the looming deadline to use the funds. From the time of the purchase order partnering with Grainger, WTI/Pure Air Control Services only had 30 days to order equipment (including fan arrays), mobilize, complete all work, and invoice the project. Solution WTI/Pure Air Control Services came into this project with a very small window to complete the total HVAC restoration work.  But with the well-rounded team of Grainger, Tremco, and UTSA, WTI/Pure Air Control Services were able to make the project a total success. The following services were executed on both AHUs. HVAC New Life Restoration HVAC New Life is a series of component services conducted over consecutive nights that effectively cleans and restores an AHU without loss of supply air during normal operating hours. PURE-Steam AHU and Coil Cleaning The first step was to environmentally remove any old and contaminated fiberglass insulation The first step was to environmentally remove any old and contaminated fiberglass insulation. After that, the units were thoroughly HEPA-vacuumed of residual debris. Next, airflow resistance readings were taken across the cooling coils. This is known as a Coil Cleanliness Verification test, or CCV. Then the interior of the unit was masked off and sanitized with WTI Pure Air’s proprietary PURE-Steam process. This included a deep cleaning of the cooling coils as well. PURE-Steam utilized bio-enzyme treatments and high temperature, low-pressure steam to penetrate through debris lodged in the coil. CCV readings were also taken after the cleaning. This process improves AHU performance and indoor air quality. Blower Removal and New Fan Array The next step was to remove the old blower assemblies and motors. Then the new fan array that was re-engineered specifically for each AHU was installed. First, the pre-built bulkhead wall was secured into place. Then the fans are fitted into their channel locks and wired for service. Fan array retrofits provide improved efficiency and redundancy since there are no more bearings, belts, or shivs to maintain. Sheet Metal Fabrication and New Access Doors Years of condensation in the two AHUs corroded and structurally compromised their floors. These areas were removed, secured and new sheet metal flooring panels were installed. External doors were also installed for ease of access and future maintenance. High Performance Coatings and Fiberglass Free Insulation The entire process is completed with the installation of new, fiberglass-free insulation The final step in the HVAC New Life restoration process includes refinishing the metal components of the units with high performance coatings that are corrosion resistant, flexible, and very low VOC. This includes relining the drain pans with a multi-part polyurethane coating that is designed and tested for HVAC systems. The entire process is completed with the installation of new, fiberglass-free insulation that is moisture resistant to prevent future degradation. Pure Air Control Services Help restore AHUs In summary, WTI/Pure Air Control Services helped restore the two AHUs for the Convocation Center within one month, whereas new units would have taken more than 30 weeks to procure, deliver and install. UTSA saved $1,083,000 in capital expenditure (CAPEX) by restoring the AHUs instead of replacing them, and static pressure performance was improved by 18%, which can directly help with energy savings over time. All in all, UTSA now has peace of mind in two restored units with five-year warranties on the fans and the coatings that will provide many more years of services for the convocation center.

AGronomic IQ is a globally renowned company that builds all-in-one grow room HVAC systems to deliver precise temperature and humidity control with exceptional energy efficiency. Servicing the commercial cannabis grower industry, the Ottawa-based manufacturer, which also operates from a 150,000-square-foot facility in Montreal, has been a flag-bearer for energy efficiency from the get-go. Agronomic IQ opts for A readily applicable solution When supply chain constraints forced Agronomic IQ to seek alternative suppliers for its ventilation systems motors, the company placed energy efficiency at the top of its requirement list. Agronomic IQ also looked for a supplier that could deliver a readily applicable solution that, ideally, would incur no additional changes to the system’s design. Helping grow ops reduces energy waste AGronomic IQ needed a quick turnaround on delivering HVAC units to customers AGronomic IQ needed a quick turnaround on delivering HVAC units to customers expanding their cannabis growing facilities. When post-pandemic supply chain challenges hit its foreign drive supplier, the company pivoted to find an energy-efficient, no-change solution. ABB answered the call with Baldor-Reliance EC Titanium integrated motor-drives, delivering high energy and cost efficiency, reliability and support. ABB’s energy-efficient motor solution The EC Titanium integrated motor-drive checked all the boxes. First, the motor is outfitted with a variable speed drive allowing it to operate at different speeds, according to use — accelerating in peak demand, slowing down for the night. This feature prevents unnecessary energy loss, which translates into reduced consumption and less wear and tear. Energy-efficient products offer long-term benefits Although cost savings is a substantial benefit to the end-user, this feature is paramount to growers who hope to be part of the solution to reduce energy waste. A growing number of manufacturers understand the long-term advantage of investing in energy-efficient products; not only to reduce their carbon footprint, but also because it translates into long-term profitability. ABB and AGronomic IQ partnership AGronomic IQ understands that customers prefer greener solutions, which will likely become the norm In a world where energy overconsumption directly impacts the planet’s survival, conscientious manufacturers, such as AGronomic IQ understands that customers prefer greener solutions, which will likely become the norm. Attuned to this tendency, ABB solidified its commitment to a cleaner, less wasteful world, when it launched the Energy Efficiency Movement in 2021, which invites stakeholders to innovate and act for a more energy efficient, regenerative, adaptive world. Product availability, supplier proximity and reliable support Further to sourcing a greener product, AGronomic IQ needed assurance that its motor supplier could deliver a suitable solution without incurring any change to its customers’ system designs. “We wanted a trouble-free, no-change, solution, and we needed it fast to fulfill a sizeable urgent order,” explains Geoff Brown, Vice President (VP) - Technical Applications & Innovation for AGronomic IQ, who initially purchased two 7.5 HP frame sizes of EC Titanium Units, with a commitment to acquire 250 additional units within the year. Transparent and open communications Geoff Brown adds, “Communications with ABB were very transparent and very open. They worked with us to find applicable quality solutions.” ABB’s proximity to its manufacturing facilities proved essential in reducing the wait time to source the products. As supply chain challenges remain common in these post-pandemic times, the ability to cut delivery delays and provide solutions as a single supplier presented enviable assets. Proximity facilitated support Proximity also facilitated support, considered the most significant benefit to AGronomic IQ and its customers. Again, Geoff Brown reaffirms his choice, stating “ABB’s support has been outstanding. I have nothing bad to say about it. We are not going back to our old supplier.”

Homeowners - Ron Sturgeon and Linda Allen are known for thinking outside the box in every aspect of their lives. “If it’s different, let’s try it,” said Ms. Allen, adding “That’s our attitude about most things in life.” Sturgeon and Allen are avid world travelers, and their home and business projects are often inspired by art, architecture and design from across the globe. Rooftop running track In 2018, Sturgeon built the Box Office Warehouse Suites (BOWS), an office, warehouse and retail park in Fort Worth, Texas, made from 154 shipping containers. Inspired by the BOWS property’s unique look and high performance, Sturgeon and Allen decided to build a custom home in the Linwood neighborhood of Fort Worth that would be eye-catching and energy-efficient. Sturgeon and Allen decided to build a custom home in the Linwood neighborhood of Fort Worth The 5,500 square-foot, three-story home was constructed using six 45-foot shipping containers welded to a steel-centered superstructure. Sturgeon and Allen also have a guest home at the back of the main property, made from two 45-foot shipping containers. The primary residence, which includes a nine-car drive-through garage on the first floor, a third-floor swimming pool, and a rooftop running track and entertaining space, is industrial and sleek. Steel-Centered superstructure Large expanses of glass break up the metal façade, allowing natural light to enter the home, which features large, open rooms and a 20-foot high ceiling in the main living area. The kitchen features a range of built-in high-end appliances from Signature Kitchen Suite, LG’s luxury line that Allen described as ‘fabulous.’ Because of the home’s open rooms, sizable glass windows, high ceilings, and location, keeping spaces cool during the hot Texas summers and warm during the cold winter months was critical. So, Sturgeon, who has used more than 400 duct-free systems from LG Electronics USA’s Air Conditioning Technologies division on several other projects, including the other shipping container development, reached out to Fort Worth-based AC Supply to design an LG HVAC system for the house. Shipping container development LG’s VAHU with exposed ductwork was used to condition the open-plan second floor “Ron likes to explore the unconventional, and with this house, he built it in a way that others haven’t thought to explore. It’s one of the best parts of working with him.” said James Fulton, Sales Director, AC Supply Co. As a result, AC Supply designed a system consisting of 16 LG Art Cool™ Mirror wall units with Smart Inverter Outdoor units. LG’s Vertical Air Handling Unit (VAHU) with exposed ductwork was used to condition the open-plan second floor. AC Supply, working with Garrett Davis, Project Supervisor and Owner of Davis Commercial Services, contacted JD Webb at Webb Air Heating & Cooling to manage the HVAC installation. Energy-Efficient home In addition to wanting a comfortable, energy-efficient home, Sturgeon and Allen had a specific aesthetic in mind for the interior and exterior of their home. Allen, who designed the interior, wanted an ‘industrial [look] with a funky side to it’ to allow them to showcase the unique art they had collected over their years of world travel. “My number one goal was to make sure the house was comfortable and then configure the HVAC in the most aesthetically pleasing way. And to do all of that in a way that was the most accessible for us to service after the installation,” said JD Webb, President of Webb Air Heating & Cooling, adding “Using the LG HVAC products opens all kinds of doors.” To ensure the HVAC systems worked with the overall design intent, the team had to address piping visibility. Aesthetically pleasing way Roof penetrations are the bane of my existence, so I was determined to remove that possibility on this house" “One of the largest challenges with all the ceilings was figuring out how the HVAC system would run throughout the house and how we would get it to each floor,” said Garrett Davis, Owner of Davis Commercial Services. Additionally, Sturgeon and Allen did not want any penetrations on the roof to avoid water damage should a leak occur. Sturgeon commented, “Roof penetrations are the bane of my existence, so I was determined to remove that possibility on this house.” Therefore, the team needed to develop a solution for running the mini-split duct-free systems’ piping without penetrating the roof or interfering with plumbing and lighting. Energy-Efficient inverter technology Sturgeon and Allen’s home has a total of 21 Tons of conditioning. Ranging from 9,000 to 22,000 Btu/h capacities, the duct-free Art Cool Mirror units used in the interior of the home feature a sleek, mirrored finish, quiet operation and energy-efficient inverter technology. Thanks to ductless application, they allow Sturgeon and Allen to heat and cool individual spaces to their preferred comfort levels with natural airflow and auto operation modes. LG duct-free systems are designed for easier and more efficient installation, and most indoor units can mount on virtually any wall. Moreover, flexible piping lengths allow for extra flexibility in installation and design. Also installed in the home was the LVN360HV Vertical Air Handling Unit, a multi-position air handler that can achieve 36,000 BTU cooling or 40,000 BTU heating, with exposed spiral ductwork. Traditional HVAC systems The noise comfort offered by the Vertical Air Handling Unit allowed the team to find a creative space for the unit Because LG systems are considerably quieter than traditional HVAC systems, the noise comfort offered by the Vertical Air Handling Unit allowed the team to find a creative space for the unit, hiding it behind the pantry with its own access door. Because of the number of units, the team from Webb Air Heating & Cooling, consisting of two lead technicians and a support member, began mapping the home system by system. Webb noted, “The overall project required insulated copper piping, with almost all the pipes exposed, so the team worked on tucking them in and running them around corners. And with an LG heat pump system, you don’t have to worry about flu vents going through the roof, which gives you even more flexibility.” Duct-Free systems The LG duct-free systems allow flexibility when it comes to pipe length. Davis said, “Using the LG mini split systems helped since we just ran the line set in, which gave us more versatility to go from first to the second floor.” Utilizing the high-performing LG HVAC systems throughout the house has provided Sturgeon and Allen the comfort, energy efficiency, and visual appeal they have come to know and appreciate. “We liked the LG [HVAC systems] because everywhere we’ve used them, they’ve lowered our utility bills. They’re very energy efficient. Plus, we didn’t really want the air conditioning to show or be discernible. The way the indoor units are mounted throughout the house is pretty discreet. Most people come through the house and don’t even think about air conditioning, they just know that the house is comfortable. I’m convinced we could have never received those results with traditional systems.” — Ron Sturgeon, Homeowner, Designer, President RDS Investment & Ron Sturgeon Real Estate LP.

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need for optimal indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools and other academic settings. Ensuring students and staff are confident in the air they breathe is essential, and studies have shown how buildings with enhanced IAQ increase health, happiness, and productivity. IAQ assessment Partnering with UL, the global safety science company, and SafeTraces, a pioneer in DNA-based safety technology, it delivers enhanced IAQ in schools with its OpenBlue IAQ as a Service solution. The first step in the solutions process is an assessment of a school’s IAQ, ventilation, and infection control systems to determine areas of risk and where best to focus time, effort, and resources. Recently, Richmond School District, Sussex, Wisconsin, decided to have a free IAQ assessment performed, from which they benefited enormously. The challenges Without knowing a baseline or what product would be necessary, an IAQ assessment made the most practical sense Why did Richmond School District feel the need for an IAQ assessment? Well, research on IAQ from the EPA states that 90 percent of the day is spent indoors. They were concerned that poor IAQ could increase student and staff illnesses, thus increasing absenteeism and reducing productivity. Having recognized the additional risks of possible COVID-19 transmission and been flooded with emails on air regulation products, they wanted to look at proactive solutions for optimizing their IAQ. Without knowing a baseline or what product would be necessary, an IAQ assessment made the most practical sense to them. They were also in need of replacing three of their rooftop units. They required guidance on what units would best fit their needs and felt an assessment would also help them meet that challenge. The solutions They appreciated the importance of problem-solving and assessing their options. However, factoring in budget constraints, finding the best IAQ solutions was essential to the school financially. Therefore, the IAQ assessment offered them the solutions they desired. A detailed building date summary report was carried out, as was an HVAC systems inspection. Air quality testing took place for CO2, CO, PM2.5, temperature, relative humidity, NO2, SO2, O3, VOCs, airflow vectors, and air pressure differentials. Cost-effective options  Additionally, a ventilation assessment was conducted, along with an infection risk assessment using DNA-tagged bioaerosols. This IAQ assessment allowed them to see insightful and critical data in a comprehensive report, making it easy to address their options cost-effectively. Without that data, they could have jumped to inaccurate conclusions and assumptions. The results   Recommendations such as adding an in-zone filter to clean the art classroom’s air and ventilation rates were verifiedHaving utilized the key data wisely, the school is more comfortable than before. They were able to pinpoint spaces where CO2 was consistently high or elevated.  Energy savings opportunities presented themselves, which offset the costs of improving their IAQ. Furthermore, recommendations were made, such as adding an in-zone filter to clean the art classroom’s air, and ventilation rates were verified. Testimonial “I believe that air quality is crucial to our staff and student. The CO2, air particles, energy efficiency, and airflow factors you would never be able to know without a formal IAQ." "If a school has not had one or needs to replace any HVAC equipment, I would highly recommend this sooner than later," said Dr. Jeanne Siegenthaler, District Administrator, of Richmond School District.

In line with the UK’s Net-Zero targets, local governments are transitioning communities to a greener future. Kemsley Community Centre, based in Sittingbourne, Kent, United Kingdom (UK) were looking for a more energy efficient and sustainable system to heat and cool their large and multiple areas of the community center, in order to replace a 1960’s oil-fired system. Phoenix ACR, specialists in AC and refrigeration, specified a Panasonic R32 split system with 4 x 20kW PACi outdoor units and 11 of the Panasonic PACi NX Elite range of wall mounted indoor units with nanoe X. Panasonic R32 split system installed The new system needed to meet the needs of the entire community center, covering the main hall, bar area and reception area. Each section required units suited to the individual area, which could seamlessly combine and function under a single control system. The Panasonic PACi NX Elite range was specified by installer, Nathan Bell, the Managing Director of Phoenix ACR, who explains “We have worked with Panasonic a lot in the past, so we knew its range was the best to deliver the efficiency, reliability and value for money that was key to this installation. The energy-saving design and high efficiency makes the Panasonic units ideal for this project.” Panasonic PACi NX Elite wall mounted indoor units The PACi NX Elite range allows a great amount of flexibility in design and install The PACi NX Elite range allows a great amount of flexibility in design and install, which was crucial to ensuring we could adapt to the needs of each room, providing the perfect solution for the customer. The addition of nanoe X technology, which inhibits viruses and bacteria, was a key benefit of the Panasonic units, to help provide a better indoor environment for the community center staff and its users in a post-pandemic world.” Featuring nanoe X technology In the main hall and bar area, 11 Panasonic PACi NX Elite wall-mounted units with nanoe X technology were installed. These are especially beneficial for high ceiling areas, such as found in the community center. The reception area has two PACi ceiling suspended units, with the slim design making them more discreet for the smaller room, along with being one of the quietest units currently on the market. Facilities Trustee of Kemsley Community Centre, David Grawler, said “It is so important that we provide a sustainable future for our community. Phoenix ACR recommended this solution, and we are very happy with how it meets our energy efficiency needs. With our old system, if we hired out a single room, we would end up having to heat the entire building.” David Grawler adds, “The new Panasonic system allows us to control all units as one for the entire building, but also enables us isolate the individual spaces, adding a new way for us to function in a more energy efficient way, without having to compromise on comfort.” PACi NX Standard and PACi NX Elite ranges The PACi NX Standard and PACi NX Elite ranges provide high quality heating and cooling The PACi NX Standard and PACi NX Elite ranges provide high quality heating and cooling, boasting top class SEER ratings of A++ and SCOP ratings of A+ and A++ at 10kW respectively. Both provide slim, lightweight and compact designs. The PACi Elite offers greater design flexibility, making it adaptable to various building types and sizes, key to delivering the perfect solution across larger projects. The design allows for high quality under a wide range of conditions, with cooling possible in temperatures as lows as -15 degrees or as high as 46 degrees, and heating in temperatures as low as -20 degrees. Kemsley Community Centre Kemsley Community Centre has a touch screen centralized controller installed behind the bar, allowing the management of the entire system from a single point. Additionally, the system utilizes WIFI adaptors which connect the units to the Panasonic comfort cloud App, allowing for remote management and monitoring of the multiple air conditioning units required for this project. The units came with nanoe X technology as standard, a unique and proven technology to help improve air hygiene by preventing transmission of airborne pathogens, to create a safer and healthier indoor environment. Nanoe X works independently from the heating and cooling operation when the unit is in fan mode, improving protection 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Panasonic units – a great addition to the community center David Gawler concludes, “The Panasonic units have proven to be a great addition to the community center, they helped us cope during the summer heat wave of 2022, and heating capabilities this winter. It is great that we can still provide comfort in the center to all those who use it whilst also taking a big step to a greener future.”

For schools, improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is a basic function of HVAC systems, which also ensures a high comfort level for students, teachers and staff. Schools can be a lucrative market for HVAC systems, but there are challenges, such as long sales cycles and the lingering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: What are the challenges for HVAC in serving the education/schools market?

Shifting demographics suggest a need for ‘new blood’ in the HVAC industry. It has never been a more important time to attract new applicants into the industry. Fortunately, there is a range of exciting opportunities for applicants of any age, including new disciplines and skills needed as HVAC systems transform in the digital age. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: What are the emerging career opportunities in the HVAC industry?

The practice of working from home soared during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and many observers see a likely continuation of the trend, as infection risks gradually subside. Both environments – home and office – depend on HVAC systems to keep occupants comfortable (and safe!). Therefore, the industry stands to be impacted whichever way the trend plays out. We asked our Expert Panel Roundtable: How will remote working affect residential and commercial HVAC?